{"id":18666,"date":"2020-04-26T15:32:05","date_gmt":"2020-04-26T20:32:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/thepapergown.zocdoc.com\/?p=18666"},"modified":"2023-03-06T11:14:31","modified_gmt":"2023-03-06T16:14:31","slug":"a-glossary-of-covid-19-symptoms","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zocdoc.com\/blog\/guides\/a-glossary-of-covid-19-symptoms\/","title":{"rendered":"A Glossary of COVID-19 Symptoms"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #808080;\"><em>Coronavirus information changes quickly, so please note the publication date on this story. You can find current<\/em><em> recommendations and national outbreak data on the <a style=\"color: #808080;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/cases-updates\/summary.html\">CDC<\/a> website. Or, if you want local coronavirus updates and stats, check out the department of health website <a style=\"color: #808080;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.usa.gov\/state-health\">for your state<\/a> or <a style=\"color: #808080;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.naccho.org\/membership\/lhd-directory\">your city<\/a>. Enjoy reading and stay safe.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Initially, there were only a few coronavirus symptoms to look out for: dry cough, fever, body aches and chest tightness. As the virus has spread, doctors have learned that COVID-19<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.zocdoc.com\/blog\/how-much-health-anxiety-is-normal-right-now\/\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">doesn&#8217;t always present the same way<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Unfortunately, researchers are running up against barriers to fully understanding this disease.<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.american.edu\/cas\/faculty\/mhawkins.cfm\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Melissa Hawkins<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, an epidemiologist at American University, says COVID-19\u2019s rapid spread has made it difficult for doctors to know exactly what to expect. Unlike with other, non-pandemic illnesses, healthcare providers are treating, documenting and researching symptoms all at the same time. \u201cMedicine is both an art and a science,&#8221; she says, &#8220;and with COVID-19, we\u2019re learning as we go.&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Experts are also hindered by incomplete reporting about how the novel coronavirus affects people. Since most coronavirus patients don&#8217;t show up at the hospital, we\u2019re missing huge chunks of data about COVID-19 symptoms that doctors don\u2019t have yet.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Still, with the number of US cases and testing increasing, Hawkins says healthcare providers and researchers are beginning to see some trends. So far, there seems to be a range of symptoms, both respiratory and non-respiratory, and each symptom can range in severity from person to person. Some COVID-19 cases are like mild colds, and others are more like pneumonia. Some infected people never have symptoms at all.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One of the biggest clues about how the virus presents has to do with where it starts and ends up. The virus usually enters the body through the upper respiratory tract, via a person&#8217;s eyes, nose or mouth. If the virus stays in the upper respiratory tract, people are more likely to experience milder symptoms, akin to a cold or a mild case of the flu.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But if the virus moves into the lungs, patients might have more severe, pneumonia-like symptoms. Hawkins says the virus also sometimes spreads to other organs and systems in the body, which can lead to a number of less common symptoms, from abdominal pain and diarrhea to neurological problems like disorientation.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Here&#8217;s a list of COVID-19 symptoms doctors either know about or are beginning to see in their patients.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Well-known symptoms<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><b>Fever<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As with any infection, many COVID-19 patients report a fever, which the<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/quarantine\/air\/reporting-deaths-illness\/definitions-symptoms-reportable-illnesses.html\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">CDC<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> defines as a temperature of 100.4 degrees Fahrenheit or higher in both children and adults. Hawkins says fever occurs in about 90 percent of reported cases. How high the fever gets varies person to person, but according to Hawkins, the COVID-19 fever tends to be higher in the afternoon and evening, and it may come with chills and sweating at night.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Dry cough<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">COVID-19 often presents with a dry, persistent cough as an early symptom. The cough is similar to a cough someone might have with influenza: It\u2019s not a tickle, it\u2019s not productive (meaning you don\u2019t cough up mucus) and it\u2019s not usually accompanied with a sore throat. The dry cough may lead to shortness of breath in severe cases later on.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Fatigue<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hawkins says severe tiredness or fatigue is one of the earliest signs of COVID-19, seen in about 70 percent of reported cases, often present after the dry cough starts. The level of fatigue people experience can vary based on how severe the illness is. Patients with mild cases may just feel a bit tired; patients with moderate cases may be so tired they stay in bed; and patients with severe cases may be so tired they can\u2019t finish a sentence, which Hawkins says could also happen due to windedness from lung-related symptoms.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Aches and pains<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Many infections, including COVID-19, cause muscle aches. A <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/techscience.com\/cmc\/v63n1\/38464\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">recent study<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> from NYU researchers found that deep muscle aches, known as myalgia, early on in the illness may be a predictor of more severe, lung-related illness later on. But according to the study, these muscle aches are severe, and they don&#8217;t occur alone. They\u2019re accompanied by an increase in hemoglobin levels and an enzyme called ALT, which can signal liver inflammation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Runny nose<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Runny nose may appear due to an upper respiratory tract infection, but it\u2019s a less common symptom \u2014 less than 5 percent of people with COVID-19 experience it, according to a report by the<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/docs\/default-source\/coronaviruse\/who-china-joint-mission-on-covid-19-final-report.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">World Health Organization<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Hawkins says given the season, runny nose may be more likely to be a sign of allergies or the common cold.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Sore throat<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Some people with upper respiratory tract infections due to COVID-19 might have a sore throat, but Hawkins says it\u2019s important to distinguish it from strep throat, which usually causes stabbing pain, especially while swallowing. Someone with a sore throat is more likely to have allergies or a cold.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Shortness of breath<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As the infection moves lower into the lungs, patients may feel shortness of breath, which may or may not be accompanied by a cough. This is far more common in severe cases, Hawkins says. According to the<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/q-a-detail\/q-a-coronaviruses\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">WHO<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, around 1 in 6 people with COVID-19 will develop difficulty breathing.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The shortness of breath people experience, Hawkins says, is a different feeling from chest tightness when you\u2019re anxious, which usually resolves when you calm down. \u201cIt\u2019s like you can\u2019t get enough oxygen in your lungs,\u201d she says. \u201cYou\u2019d get winded when you get up and walk to another part of the house.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Loss of taste or smell<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Reports of loss of taste or smell were purely anecdotal until mid-April, when researchers<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1002\/alr.22579\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">established<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that these are \u201cprofoundly common\u201d symptoms in patients with mild infections.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Liu says in some reports she\u2019s seen, 40 percent or more of COVID-19 patients have presented with loss of taste or smell. This symptom likely has to do with inflammation in the respiratory tract. The nerve that mediates sense of smell is high up in the nose, so when there is inflammation near that nerve, a person could lose both their sense of smell or taste. Sometimes these symptoms drag on after other respiratory symptoms go away.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Chills<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The CDC <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/04\/27\/health\/coronavirus-symptoms-cdc.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">recently added<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> chills to its list of possible COVID-19 signs. In COVID-19 cases, Hawkins says, many people experience chills, which cause them to feel cold and shaky, at the onset \u2014 before other symptoms like fever or aches and pains show up. Generally, the chills don\u2019t persist throughout the course of the illness, unless a person becomes significantly sicker.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Emerging symptoms<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><b>Gastrointestinal symptoms<\/b><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/stanfordhealthcare.org\/doctors\/l\/anne-liu.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dr. Anne Liu<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, an infectious disease physician at Stanford Health Care, says people may experience mild diarrhea (you might think you have a stomach bug) to severe, appendicitis-like abdominal pain. GI symptoms are more likely to be associated with COVID-19 in areas with a higher concentration of cases. \u201cSomeone in New York City presenting with diarrhea will be more likely to have COVID-19 than someone presenting in a place with a lot less coronavirus,\u201d Liu says.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sometimes people develop GI symptoms like diarrhea early on in the illness, then develop respiratory symptoms later on. Other patients may<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/ajg\/Documents\/COVID19_Han_et_al_AJG_Preproof.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">only have GI symptoms<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which can be confusing for both patients and doctors. So far, Liu says, it seems to be more common that the GI symptoms develop into respiratory symptoms.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Doctors still aren\u2019t sure exactly why some people with COVID-19 experience digestive upset. It could be that the virus is replicating in the GI tract, but Liu says that hasn\u2019t been established yet.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Nausea<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to the<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/docs\/default-source\/coronaviruse\/who-china-joint-mission-on-covid-19-final-report.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">WHO<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, about 5 percent of cases experience nausea. As a symptom, it\u2019s often related to inflammation in the GI tract, which can happen due to a viral infection. Liu says people with COVID-19 may be a little nauseous, or so nauseous that they are vomiting. Like diarrhea, nausea might happen on its own, without a dry cough or difficulty breathing. But doctors don\u2019t yet have enough data to determine how often it occurs with or without respiratory symptoms.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Headache<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Headaches are also somewhat common in COVID-19, but Hawkins describes them as a \u201cnonspecific symptom,\u201d which means on their own, headaches aren\u2019t a sign of COVID-19. That\u2019s because a number of COVID-19 symptoms can cause headaches, like dehydration from a fever or sinus pressure or congestion from an upper respiratory infection. According to Hawkins, headaches may be more common in mild or moderate adult cases, and among all cases in children.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Conjunctivitis (pink eye)<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The virus can enter through any part of your respiratory tract, including the mouth, nose or eyes. If it enters through the eye \u2014 like if you touch a surface infected with COVID-19, then rub your eyes, or if an infected person coughs directly toward your eye \u2014 pink eye could be the first sign of infection. That\u2019s why healthcare providers wear protective glasses along with a mask. Typically, pink eye causes eye redness, itching and excessive tears; it may also cause eye discharge or crusting.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Rash<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It\u2019s not uncommon for viruses in general to trigger rashes, and some people are experiencing it with COVID-19. Hawkins says reports in Italy and Thailand also include skin rashes as a symptom. Commonly, the rash is described as itchy, hive-like skin lesions, usually on the trunk. It may look like a cluster of mosquito bites. Some people complain of a burning sensation with the rash.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>COVID toes<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To keep track of skin-related manifestations in COVID-19 cases, The American Academy of Dermatology created a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aad.org\/member\/practice\/coronavirus\/registry\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">registry of symptoms<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. One emerging symptom, dubbed &#8220;COVID toes,&#8221; shows up as pinkish-reddish lesions on the feet that sometimes turn purple over time. Hawkins says some people experience swelling in their extremities (both hands and feet) that often feels painful to the touch. COVID toes are currently listed as a symptom in more than half of the 300 cases on the AAD&#8217;s registry. And as of now, the lesions primarily occur alongside more common COVID-19 symptoms.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">So far, experts have a few theories about why this is happening. According to Hawkins, most patients who&#8217;ve reported COVID toes are younger \u2014 ranging from children to young adults \u2014 so it might have to do with the speed and aggression of a younger person&#8217;s immune response to the virus. Hawkins says COVID toes could also be due to small blood clots or an inflammatory reaction in the blood vessels.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Less common symptoms<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><b>Chest pain<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Liu says doctors are also seeing patients who come to the ER thinking they\u2019re having a heart attack due to chest pain symptoms, which is really caused by the novel coronavirus attacking the heart and causing inflammation in the chest. When this happens, people have abnormal EKG and evidence of cardiac inflammation in blood tests and CT scans; they then test positive for COVID-19. Sometimes this happens when people have already had respiratory symptoms, but it may occur in people without any.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While chest pain can occur in people of any age and doesn\u2019t necessarily happen more commonly in people with preexisting conditions, Liu says it\u2019s not as common as respiratory symptoms. Once cardiac inflammation does happen, though, it tends to bode poorly for patient outcomes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Disorientation or confusion<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In some severe cases, Liu says COVID-19 patients present with neurological symptoms like disorientation or confusion, which could serve as a sign that the infection has become more severe. While confusion is itself a less common symptom, some<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK554776\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">studies show<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> it generally occurs alongside the typical symptoms like cough and fever. Hawkins says people might describe feeling woozy, funny or \u201coff,\u201d perhaps with tingling or numbness in their extremities and a lack of balance.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What causes COVID-19 patients to experience these neurological issues isn\u2019t certain. Hawkins says doctors aren\u2019t sure yet whether the coronavirus actually infects the brain or if the neurological symptoms are an indirect consequence of inflammation or oxygen levels altered by the virus.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Blood clots<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In some of the most severe cases, patients are experiencing blood clots in the lungs and other organs and blood vessels, which can lead to complications like stroke. Most of these patients, Hawkins says, are already in the hospital, and sometimes the blood clots aren\u2019t discovered until an autopsy.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h1 class=\"p2\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"s1\">Ready to book a doctor&#8217;s appointment? Visit <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zocdoc.com\/\"><span class=\"s2\">Zocdoc.<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/h1>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The list of symptoms associated with the respiratory illness keeps growing. Here&#8217;s a rundown of what we know so far. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":26,"featured_media":18620,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[227],"tags":[149,38],"class_list":["post-18666","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-guides","tag-covid19","tag-lists","reviewer-dr-nassim-assefi"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>A Glossary of COVID-19 Symptoms - Guides<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The list of symptoms associated with the respiratory illness keeps growing. 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