{"id":19060,"date":"2021-04-28T15:30:24","date_gmt":"2021-04-28T20:30:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thepapergown.zocdoc.com\/?p=19060"},"modified":"2023-03-06T12:12:01","modified_gmt":"2023-03-06T17:12:01","slug":"teaching-your-nose-how-to-smell-again","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zocdoc.com\/blog\/guides\/teaching-your-nose-how-to-smell-again\/","title":{"rendered":"Teaching the Nose How to Smell Again"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">On Friday, January 22, Dina Cheney sat down to enjoy a cinnamon raisin English muffin for breakfast at her home in Connecticut. The texture of the nooks and crannies was the same as always, but the muffin was completely flavorless. <\/span>Knowing this could be a sign of COVID-19, the 43-year-old got a rapid test. The results confirmed her suspicion: She had the coronavirus.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For about five days, the cookbook author and chocolate-tasting host had virtually no sense of smell. Even foul odors were completely undetectable. This made sense, since our senses of smell and taste work together to let us perceive flavor. \u201cI was quite disturbed, but also grateful that I wasn\u2019t working on a cookbook or tasting project at the time,\u201d Cheney says. \u201cI remember thinking that if a project came up, I could rely on my memory for how much seasoning to use, but I would not have been able to detect and adjust subtle qualities.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">After seeing a few headlines about smell training, she decided to attempt it herself. \u201cAs I started, I did what I thought made sense,\u201d she says. \u201cI decided to concentrate while smelling the same strongly flavored items each day, to try to stimulate and help me pinpoint whether I was regaining my sense of smell.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Once or twice a day, Cheney smelled a variety of items one at a time for a few seconds each: ketchup, mustard, miso, kimchi, coffee, cinnamon, a eucalyptus candle and lavender, cedar and sage essential oils. After about two weeks, her sense of smell seemed fully restored. \u201cEach day after the first five days, aromas became stronger or less faint. I was able to derive enjoyment from them more and more each day,\u201d she says. \u201cI also began to detect unpleasant smells, like dirty laundry and bathroom odors. It was the first time I felt grateful to smell them.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It\u2019s hard to know if Cheney regained her sense of smell because of her training regimen, or if it naturally came back over time. But olfactory training doesn&#8217;t pose any health risks, and research suggests it can help restore smell loss caused by infections, including but not limited to COVID-19.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>At a loss<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Loss of smell, or anosmia, can be caused by health issues including viruses, head trauma, and neurodegeneration. With rhinoviruses (which cause the common cold), parainfluenza (which causes respiratory illnesses) and other flu viruses, scientists believe smell loss is usually caused by swelling and congestion, which block odor<\/span> molecules from reaching receptors in the nose.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u201cHowever, if the congestion clears and smell does not return, then it is likely that the virus has affected some part of the olfactory system,\u201d says olfactory scientist Pam Dalton of the Monell Chemical Senses Center. She explains that the olfactory bulb \u2014 the structure in the brain that processes smells \u2014 shrinks from <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7490479\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">lack of stimulation<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> when you \u201cgo without smelling for months or a year.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">COVID-19 may behave differently than other respiratory viruses, though. It appears to infect cells that deliver nutrients to the olfactory nerve so it can send messages to the brain about smell,<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0says Jay Piccirillo, professor of otolaryngology at the Washington University School of Medicine. Compared to people who only lose smell temporarily, Piccirillo says those with lingering anosmia have \u201clost support long enough that they suffer irreversible damage, or the virus may invade the smell nerve.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Whatever the cause, losing your sense of smell is disorienting. \u201cPeople can\u2019t even describe how lost they feel,\u201d says Dalton. \u201cFamiliar places are no longer familiar because they don\u2019t smell a certain way, and people you\u2019re intimate with feel like strangers.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>A different kind of sniff test<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Depending on the cause, smell loss can be temporary or long term. For example, an expert in a <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">BMJ<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> article reported that <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/bmj\/369\/bmj.m2095.full.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">90 percent of COVID-19 patients recover their smell<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> with no assistance in two to three weeks. The rest may need months or even more than a year to fully recover \u2014 or they may never regain their sense of smell, based on what\u2019s known about other instances of post-viral anosmia.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cThe idea behind smell training,\u201d Hummel explains, \u201cis that the more you expose yourself to odors, the better your sense of smell is.\u201d Consider chefs, perfumers and even parents \u2014 they all become acutely sensitive to certain, highly relevant scents. Taking a structured approach to fine-tuning your scent palate seems to amplify your ability to detect smells.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The process is simple: Twice a day, you sit in a quiet space and sniff specific odors. The standard protocol uses rose, lemon, clove and eucalyptus essential oils. Repeat daily for about four to six months.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Research suggests it works. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/19235739\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In one 2009 study<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 40 people with smell loss showed increased olfactory function after 12 weeks of smell training. Members of the control group, who didn\u2019t train, didn\u2019t see the same changes. More recently, meta-analyses from 2016 and 2017 concluded that <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4783272\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">olfactory training shows promise<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/28040824\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">should be considered as a smell-loss treatment method<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Although scientists don&#8217;t know exactly how olfactory training helps, one theory says stimulating the olfactory receptors \u201cenergizes\u201d the brain\u2019s smell pathways, bringing them back to life. This happens, the theory holds, even if someone can\u2019t consciously perceive odors. \u201cThe brain is plastic; it can change,\u201d says Piccirillo. \u201cThe idea is if you expose your nose to various odors, through that repetitive process, you can retrain the brain to recognize the smell.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">MRI scans suggest smell training increases <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/lary.29277\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">volume in the olfactory bulb<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/30630079\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">brain regions involved in processing smell<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. It may also help those with parosmia, a distorted sense of smell that can make coffee smell like wet dog, or make different scented lotions smell exactly the same. With this issue, Dalton explains, \u201cthe axons of receptors in the nose that make connections to cells in the olfactory bulb have lost their mapping.\u201d As a result, those axons connect to cells that belong to different smells<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Basically, the wires between the nose and the brain are crossed.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>Whiffs of the future<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While Cheney fully regained her sense of smell, not everyone who tries training is so lucky. \u201cAre people happy with what comes back? Most are,\u201d says Thomas Hummel, a professor in the department of otorhinolaryngology at the Dresden University of Technology. \u201cDo people reach a normal level or expected level when we measure it? Many do not.\u201d For people with normal olfactory function who lose their sense of smell entirely, however, returning to an \u201cin-between level\u201d might not seem so bad. Timing is also a factor, says Dalton: It\u2019s best to start the training early, do it regularly and stick with it for a few months.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">With so many experiencing anosmia or parosmia due to COVID, researchers have more study subjects than ever, enabling more and deeper work on smell training. For example, Piccirillo is currently studying what happens when people are allowed to choose which scents to train in, as well as whether viewing pictures of scents during training enhances its impact. (He plans to do more studies, so if you are interested, you can <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/j.mp\/1bhoOd9\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">join his anosmia registry<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We may not think much about our sense of smell until we lose it. Fortunately, if you find yourself thrown off-balance by an odorless world, there\u2019s more you can do than cross your fingers and hope to smell again. \u201cWith so many people losing their sense of smell and the effect this is having on their lives, we&#8217;re looking at recovery and going to learn a lot about this,\u201d Dalton says. \u201cWe may have more effective treatments down the line.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h1 class=\"p1\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"s1\">Ready to book a doctor&#8217;s appointment? Visit <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zocdoc.com\/\"><span class=\"s2\">Zocdoc.<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/h1>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Olfactory training is helping some COVID survivors regain their sense of smell. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":40,"featured_media":19063,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[227],"tags":[149,106],"class_list":["post-19060","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-guides","tag-covid19","tag-treatment","reviewer-dr-nassim-assefi"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Teaching the Nose How to Smell Again - Guides<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Olfactory training is helping some COVID survivors regain their sense of smell.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zocdoc.com\/blog\/guides\/teaching-your-nose-how-to-smell-again\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Teaching the Nose How to Smell Again - 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