{"id":19582,"date":"2022-04-07T15:06:58","date_gmt":"2022-04-07T20:06:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thepapergown.zocdoc.com\/?p=19582"},"modified":"2023-03-19T11:50:10","modified_gmt":"2023-03-19T16:50:10","slug":"even-one-bad-sunburn-can-cause-skin-cancer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zocdoc.com\/blog\/guides\/even-one-bad-sunburn-can-cause-skin-cancer\/","title":{"rendered":"Even One Bad Sunburn Can Cause Skin Cancer"},"content":{"rendered":"

When I moved from Boston to Southern California for college, I set my sights on one goal (well, besides getting a degree): getting a tan. I spent four years lying in bikinis on the quad, my skin slathered in baby oil.\u00a0<\/span>As I got older, I began protecting my skin more out of fear of wrinkles. But my years of sunbathing had (quite literally) left their mark: I\u2019d developed many moles, which had the <\/span>potential to develop<\/span><\/a> into skin cancer. Despite this, or perhaps because of it, I put off seeing a dermatologist, my procrastination bolstered by fear and remnants of youthful invincibility.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Finally, last fall, I made an appointment. Three days afterward, I had a melanoma diagnosis.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

While my excessive sun exposure was habitual, even \u201cone bad blistering sunburn in a fairer-skin individual with a genetic predisposition could be the tipping point,\u201d says Dr. Richard Torbeck, assistant professor of dermatology at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York City.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Though I caught my cancerous mole early enough to keep it from spreading to the rest of my body, some people don\u2019t. This year, <\/span>it\u2019s estimated that<\/span><\/a> around 100,000 cases of invasive melanoma will be diagnosed \u2014 meaning melanomas that have been allowed to spread because they weren\u2019t caught earlier by a screening. <\/span><\/p>\n

Of these, an estimated 7,650 will result in death. While the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force<\/a> only recommends <\/span>skin cancer screenings for adults who don’t notice anything amiss, there might be things you don’t catch on your own. It’s just good practice to get regular skin checks. <\/span>(Plus, the recommendation dates back to 2016 and could be changed soon. )<\/span><\/p>\n

A common enemy<\/h3>\n

I quickly became a statistic.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Skin cancer is by far the most common cancer in the United States, with <\/span>more skin cancer diagnoses made annually<\/span><\/a> than all other cancers combined. A whopping 1 in 5 Americans will develop skin cancer at some point in their lifetime. Almost 10,000 people are diagnosed in the US<\/span> every day.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

But not all of these cancers are melanomas, like mine \u2014 in fact, most aren\u2019t. There are three types of skin cancer: basal cell skin cancer, squamous cell skin cancer and melanoma. Basal and squamous cell cancer, sometimes collectively called nonmelanoma skin cancer, are the <\/span>most common forms of skin cancer<\/span><\/a>, and also the least deadly. Instead of developing through moles, they manifest as discoloration of the skin or even bumps. <\/span>Melanoma, meanwhile, accounts for <\/span>just 1 percent of all skin cancers in the US<\/span><\/a> but causes the most deaths related to skin cancer. That said, it has an overall survival rate of 93 percent.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Most skin cancers are caused by sun exposure, but repeated X-rays, scars from burns, exposure to certain chemicals, a weakened immune system and family history <\/span>can also contribute<\/span><\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The science of sunburn<\/h3>\n

Ever sit at the beach for hours, engrossed in a good book, and forget to apply sunscreen? As you read, UV radiation damages the DNA in your skin\u2019s outermost layer. One element most at risk is a <\/span>vital tumor-suppressing gene<\/span><\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Dr. Tanya Nino, the melanoma program director at Providence St. Joseph Hospital in Orange County, California, says once the harm is inflicted, there\u2019s no undoing it. \u201cWhen the DNA is damaged and can\u2019t repair itself, that\u2019s when a skin cell can turn into skin cancer,\u201d she explains.<\/span><\/p>\n

Your body does try to protect you: When your skin peels after a long, hot day at the beach, it\u2019s actually expelling cells at risk of becoming cancerous. Nevertheless, sun damage builds up over time. The more you burn, the greater <\/span>your risk of cancer<\/span><\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

If you\u2019re a person of color and don\u2019t get obvious burns, the cancer risk associated with unprotected sun exposure <\/span>is still there<\/span><\/a>. What\u2019s more, because sun damage is less apparent, skin cancer in people of color tends to be diagnosed at a later stage,\u00a0 which means it can be much deadlier.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Basal and squamous cell cancers are typically linked to daily accumulated sun exposure over time, Nino explains. Melanoma usually stems from more intense, intermittent sun exposure that causes painful sunburn. <\/span>Interestingly, your age at the time of your sunburns can affect your risk of melanoma.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

If you get a bad, blistering sunburn during childhood or adolescence, it <\/span>doubles your chance of developing melanoma<\/span><\/a> later in life. Another <\/span>large study<\/span><\/a> found that sunburn in early life is the main driver of melanoma, while sunburns at older ages were associated with other types of skin cancer. Learning this, I couldn\u2019t help but think of the many childhood vacations where I spent evenings slathering aloe over my tomato-red limbs in our hotel room.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The dangers of \u201cugly duckling\u201d moles<\/h3>\n

I have a lot of moles<\/a>. Many of us do. And most of them are harmless. Sun exposure, especially early on, primarily determines how many moles you\u2019ll get, although <\/span>genetics<\/span><\/a> and hormonal changes (<\/span>like pregnancy or puberty<\/span><\/a>) can also play a role.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Cancerous moles generally don\u2019t hide what they are. Torbeck explains that dermatologists have a code, the \u201cABCDEs of skin cancer,\u201d when investigating moles:<\/span><\/p>\n