{"id":20383,"date":"2023-04-03T13:17:45","date_gmt":"2023-04-03T18:17:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zocdoc.com\/blog\/?p=20383"},"modified":"2023-04-24T13:19:08","modified_gmt":"2023-04-24T18:19:08","slug":"a-guide-to-genetic-testing-for-cancer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zocdoc.com\/blog\/guides\/a-guide-to-genetic-testing-for-cancer\/","title":{"rendered":"A Guide to Genetic Testing for Cancer"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Experts predict that around <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.org\/content\/dam\/cancer-org\/research\/cancer-facts-and-statistics\/annual-cancer-facts-and-figures\/2023\/2023-cancer-facts-and-figures.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1.9 million Americans<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> will be diagnosed with cancer in 2023 \u2014 and for many of them, there\u2019s no one identifiable cause.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cMost of the time, cancer occurs randomly due to environmental factors over the course of someone\u2019s life,\u201d says Brittanie Shelton, a genetic counselor at <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.uth.edu\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UTHealth Houston<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2019s McGovern Medical School. Potential factors include age, lifestyle habits, like smoking, or exposure to carcinogens.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But a cancer diagnosis isn\u2019t always random: Up to <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/about-cancer\/causes-prevention\/genetics#:~:text=Up%20to%2010%25%20of%20all,of%20getting%20cancer%20is%20increased.\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ten percent<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of cancer cases are hereditary. To help people prevent these cases ahead of time, experts have developed methods of predictive genetic testing. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Genetic testing can determine whether you have inherited a genetic variant that might predispose you to developing certain cancers. While testing positive for a certain gene can be disheartening, knowing you carry it can help you be more proactive about preventative care.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Below, learn more about how genetic testing works, when you should consider it and what to do if you test positive for a certain gene.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>What is predictive genetic testing?<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Predictive genetic testing determines whether you have inherited any <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/about-cancer\/causes-prevention\/genetics\/genetic-testing-fact-sheet\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">genetic variants<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that may predispose you to developing a certain type of cancer. While these tests look at your genes through either a <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bmcmedgenomics.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12920-020-0664-7#:~:text=The%20use%20of%20blood%20derived,in%20each%20sample%20is%20sufficient.\">saliva or blood sample<\/a>, t<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hey can\u2019t identify active cancer cells in the body, says Shelton.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Every genetic variant comes with its own unique risks. According to the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/about-cancer\/causes-prevention\/genetics\/overview-pdq#_123\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">National Cancer Institute<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, more than 50 types of genes associated with cancer risk have been identified. Here are a few cancers that can be hereditary:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Breast cancer<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ovarian cancer<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Skin cancer<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Brain cancer<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Colon cancer<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pancreatic cancer<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Prostate cancer<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hematologic (blood) cancer<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Each gene carries a different level of risk. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For instance, people assigned female at birth have a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.org\/cancer\/breast-cancer\/about\/how-common-is-breast-cancer.html#:~:text=Lifetime%20chance%20of%20getting%20breast,will%20never%20have%20the%20disease.\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">13% chance<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of developing breast cancer in their lifetime. BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations are associated with a very high predisposition to breast cancer and\/or ovarian cancer:<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/about-cancer\/causes-prevention\/genetics\/brca-fact-sheet#how-much-does-an-inherited-harmful-variant-in-brca1-or-brca2-increase-a-womans-risk-of-breast-and-ovarian-cancer\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Up to 72% of<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> people assigned female at birth that have a BRCA1 mutation will develop breast cancer by the age of 80. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Meanwhile, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.breastcancertrials.org.au\/chek2-gene-mutation\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">CHEK2 gene<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> mutations, a more common variant that can predispose an individual to developing breast cancer, puts patients at much more of a moderate risk.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While anyone can theoretically get genetic testing, Shelton says it\u2019s recommended for people who have a family history of cancer. Cancer survivors, or people who are currently facing cancer diagnoses, may also want to test for genetic variants to determine the likelihood of cancer returning or to craft a more targeted treatment plan.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It&#8217;s important to go over any test results with a professional, like a genetic counselor. They can help you determine your next steps.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>What\u2019s the cost of genetic testing?<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Testing <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2020\/10\/31\/genetic-testing-for-cancer-risks-here-are-the-costs.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">can cost<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> anywhere from $200 to a few thousand dollars (especially if you\u2019re getting a multi-gene panel.) <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Testing for a specific gene that runs in your family is typically less expensive. In some cases, your <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/genetics\/understanding\/testing\/insurancecoverage\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">insurance company<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> might cover a portion of the cost.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>What to do if you test positive<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It can be overwhelming to learn you have a higher risk of developing cancer. Every case is unique, so a genetic counselor or medical provider can help you determine how to move forward.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For example, if you test positive for BRCA1 or BRCA2, you might want to get frequent mammograms and other screenings to catch any potential cancerous cells sooner rather than later.\u00a0 However, u<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">nfortunately, some cancers, like ovarian cancer, are more difficult to screen for. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cOften, when someone is diagnosed, it\u2019s too late to treat,\u201d says <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Estie Rose, a genetic counselor for<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jscreen.org\/\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">JScreen<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For this reason, more and more experts are <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.statnews.com\/2023\/02\/23\/ovarian-cancer-tube-removal\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">recommending<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that people at risk of developing ovarian cancer get their ovaries and fallopian tubes surgically removed. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For other cancers without comprehensive screening tools, such as brain cancer, experts advise patients to be aware of potential symptoms and see a provider if they develop any concerns.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In any case, the ultimate goal of predictive genetic testing is to protect you and your loved ones from advanced cancer. If you undergo genetic testing and test positive for a certain gene, you can alert your family members so they can get checked too.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cKnowing you are positive for a mutation is empowering and possibly life-saving for yourself, and your current and future family members,\u201d says Rose.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Need a doctor? Find one on Zocdoc.\u00a0<\/strong><\/h1>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Understanding your risk can help you navigate the road ahead. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":26,"featured_media":20384,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[227],"tags":[103,217,81,56,93],"class_list":["post-20383","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-guides","tag-prep","tag-cancer","tag-preventive-care","tag-primary-care","tag-public-health","reviewer-dr-nassim-assefi"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>A Guide to Genetic Testing for Cancer - Guides<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Understanding your risk can help you navigate the road ahead.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zocdoc.com\/blog\/guides\/a-guide-to-genetic-testing-for-cancer\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"A Guide to Genetic Testing for Cancer - 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