What is cardiology?
Cardiology is an area of medicine that deals with the disorders of the cardiovascular system and its associated processes. A cardiologist is a healthcare practitioner who specializes in this branch. They are experts in the medical science of diagnosing and treating hereditary defects, organ dystrophy, arrhythmia, artery diseases, and medical complications relating to an irregular heartbeat. They also receive supervised training to administer rapid aid and medical care during emergency heart failure, myocardial infarctions (heart attacks), etc.
What is the cardiovascular system?
The cardiovascular system consists of the heart and a far-reaching, complex network of blood vessels. It delivers oxygen and other nutrients to the whole body and removes waste from the cells.
The heart is a muscle about the size of a fist in the middle of your chest. It weighs about 8 to 12 ounces and circulates 2,000 gallons of blood daily. The heart has four hollow chambers through which the blood flows. It is connected to blood vessels, which comprise muscle and elastic fibers.
The cardiovascular system follows two circulatory processes, namely:
- Pulmonary circulation: It involves the circulation of blood without oxygen. This blood flows to the right side of the heart and is sent to the lungs to acquire oxygen and eliminate carbon dioxide, turning it into oxygenated blood. This oxygenated blood comes back through the left side of the heart.
- Systemic circulation entails the circulation of blood that has oxygen. The oxygenated blood, after passing through the heart's left side, is sent to the rest of the body, where it supplies oxygen and nutrients to the cells. After this, the cycle repeats.
The cardiovascular system also helps the body maintain normal temperature and obtain energy while exercising and resting.
The cardiovascular system is one of the most important systems of the body. Any disbalances in its functioning can have life-threatening consequences. Here are some simple but effective ways to achieve this:
- Exercise regularly
- Control high blood pressure and cholesterol
- Quit smoking and other tobacco products
- Eat heart-friendly foods
- Maintain a healthy weight
- Keep your blood sugar levels in check
You can also talk to a specialist, such as your primary care doctor or a cardiologist, for personalized advice.
How are cardiologists trained and educated?
Aspiring cardiologists, or heart doctors, undergo a rigorous educational path to learn the nuances of the science, educate themselves about the various diseases, disorders, and subsequent treatments, and specialize in the same.
A med student must undergo an educational journey of about ten years to earn the status of a cardiology specialist. An aspirant's medical journey begins with a four-year baccalaureate degree in a college or university. It is to be followed by a medical school degree equivalency. This degree takes four years to obtain and earns the aspirant the title of M.D. or "Doctor of Medicine."
The heart doctors must further undergo a residency program to gain advanced knowledge in the medical discipline of cardiology and its concurrent fields. This residency program spans at least three years and readies medical professionals for operational fieldwork. It further prepares them to make decisions based on their discretion and expertise. Once this residency term is over, they must pass a stringent board examination conducted by the American Board of Internal Medicine or ABIM. Doctors who pass this examination are considered board-certified and can practice their specialty under their practice or at a hospital.
Subspecialty fellowships under cardiology
The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education or ACGME is an independently set up non-profit organization that establishes, proliferates, and monitors safe and high-grade healthcare standards and methodologies for America. It is responsible for setting standards for succinctly functional training programs. In addition, appropriate compliance committees actively monitor these programs, which are updated based on feedback from the doctors pursuing fellowships.
As such, this council has laid down four ACGME-accredited cardiology fellowship subspecialties: These are:
Adult congenital heart disease fellowship
The Seattle Children's Hospital and the University of Washington offer this fellowship program in collaboration. It is a two-year-long training program focusing on the key and nuanced aspects of inpatient and outpatient care for adult congenital heart disease patients (ACDH). Apprentices learn critical skills in caring for ACDH patients and managing conditions, including arrhythmias, cardiac and non-cardiac surgery, heart failure, advanced heart failure therapy, etc.
Advanced heart failure & transplant cardiology fellowship
This fellowship program spans twelve months and grants trainees proficiency in diagnosing and treating left, right, and biventricular heart failure. In addition, it grants fellows considerable knowledge and experience in research related to a wide range of etiologies and disease chains.
Clinical cardiac electrophysiology fellowship
The cardiac electrophysiology fellowship is an ACGME-accredited fellowship program that lasts two years. It focuses on the specialization in the performance and execution of procedures relating to electrophysiology. This fellowship program prepares apprentices for the unabridged umbrella of clinical cardiac electrophysiology diseases and related conditions. Doctors also receive training and field experience in electrophysiology procedures, inpatient and outpatient care, research, teaching, et cetera.
Interventional cardiology fellowship
The interventional cardiology fellowship is a year-long program that aims to provide doctors with the skills, knowledge, and abilities to diagnose and treat interventional cardiovascular diseases, as demarcated by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) and the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM). This newly emerging fellowship program equips physicians with the nuanced know-how to perform complicated, high-risk surgeries on the heart and concurrent regions.
Hundreds of universities, hospitals, and medical organizations across America offer the above fellowship programs. These programs create thousands of skillful and competent physicians who save millions of lives yearly. In addition to the above ACGME-accredited programs, several other non-accredited programs exist.
What are some tests cardiologists perform?
Based on your symptoms, your cardiologist can order one or more of the following tests:
- Chest X-ray: Also known as chest radiograph, this test generates images of your heart, lungs, and bones. Doctors use these images to assess symptoms like chest pain, breathing difficulties, chronic cough, etc., and diagnose various conditions, including congestive heart failure and ribcage injuries.
- Exercise stress test: This test helps cardiologists learn how well your heart pumps blood, how you perform during physical activities, and whether you can replicate your symptoms (such as chest discomfort and shortness of breath) while exercising. For the test, you need to make your heart pump faster and harder. To achieve this, doctors recommend riding a stationary bicycle or walking on a treadmill. Using the test results, they can detect issues with your heart muscles and valves.
- Adenosine stress test: Cardiologists use this test to evaluate the blood flow in your heart and check if your heart receives enough blood when you are active compared to when you rest. They order this test if you have a ventricular pacemaker, are on medicines like beta blockers, cannot perform the exercises a stress test requires, or cannot increase your heart rate adequately with exercise.
- Cardiac catheterization: This is an invasive imaging procedure. During the test, your doctor inserts catheters into a groin or arm blood vessel and the coronary arteries. The results of this test allow them to identify what is causing your heart pain or abnormal heartbeat, check your pulmonary arteries for abnormalities, open artery blockages, assess the functioning of your heart muscles, etc.
When should you see a cardiologist?
Visit a cardiologist near you if you experience one or more of the following symptoms:
- Dizziness
- Leg pain or ulcers
- Shortness of breath
- High blood pressure
- Swelling in your legs
- Chest pain or discomfort
- Unusually fast or slow heart rate
What should one expect during the first visit to the cardiologist?
During the first visit to a cardiologist, they will want to know about your and your family's medical history. Ensure that you find out about this from your family members in advance so that you can provide the required details to the cardiologist. If your family members have had heart issues, this may raise your risk of such illness.
The cardiologist will want to know more about your symptoms. They will ask what you were doing when the symptoms first appeared. They will ask whether the pain you are facing is sharp or dull. Further, the doctor will want to know if any medication or activity helps you feel better. They will ask if you have had a heart procedure or surgery in the past and look at any scans taken recently. Before you visit the cardiologist, writing down all the above information will help you provide all the necessary details without missing anything important.
The cardiologist will want to know about your lifestyle and exercise routine. They will ask you if you smoke, as this increases your risk of heart disease. They will inquire about any medication you are taking. If required, the heart specialist will conduct additional tests or ask you to visit a hospital for further tests.
The cardiologist will conduct a physical examination and listen to your heart. These experts can hear or detect any irregularities in the heart rhythm and check how well the blood flows through the heart. They may also perform an electrocardiogram to get an instant reading of your heart's rhythm.
If additional tests are required, you may have to revisit the cardiologist. Once the cardiologist diagnoses the problem, they will prescribe medication or advise you about the right therapy for your illness or condition. They will suggest surgery only if it is necessary.
How do you find a cardiologist near you in Washington, D.C.?
One of your body's most vital organs is the heart; thus, you must take good care of it. This care includes reducing unhealthy eating habits, exercising regularly, and getting routine checkups to ensure smooth function. In addition, if you are experiencing one or more of these symptoms: chest pain, numbness or tightness, erratic blood pressure, palpitations or fluttering in the chest region, fainting spells, etc., it may be best to consult a cardiologist.
Zocdoc helps people and patients across America find quality healthcare in one place. You can explore thousands of medical care providers across different specialties, sectors, and other criteria in Washington, DC, using Zocdoc. Just log in to your Zocdoc account, search for doctors who cater to your requirements, and filter through a comprehensive list of cardiologists who can provide the best care for you. Zocdoc also lets you sift through results based on whether your insurance provider covers a practitioner. Though adding your insurance information to your account simplifies finding in-network providers, many offices still require you to bring your insurance card to your appointment. For any insurance-related queries, visit Zocdoc's patient help center.
In addition, you can read through past patient reviews and view the patient ratings. With all this information, you can identify the best cardiologist near you and ensure that the person responsible for your and your loved ones' well-being is adequately qualified.
Booking appointments on Zocdoc is simple, secure, and 100% free of cost.
Statistics on heart disease in Washington D.C.
Heart diseases are rated the top causes of death in the United States. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC's) Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System reports that in 2022, as many as 9.1% of adults were diagnosed with angina, heart attack, coronary heart disease, or stroke. That's roughly 20.9 million people diagnosed in the United States alone. The CDC has established February as American Heart Month to call attention to the importance of heart health and educate the public about heart disease and stroke.
According to a report by the CDC, heart disease is the leading cause of death in the District of Columbia. The report states that in 2022, 1,239 people in Washington, DC, died from heart disease. The death rate during the year was 182.6 per 100,000 population.
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WebMD
University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester
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