What is cardiology?
Cardiology is an internal medicine subspecialty centered around heart and cardiovascular disease-related ailments. It deals with diagnosing and treating illnesses such as congenital heart defects, coronary artery disease, electrophysiology, heart failure, and valvular heart disease. Echocardiography, nuclear cardiology, interventional cardiology, and cardiac electrophysiology are some of the subspecialties in cardiology.
Who is a cardiologist?
A cardiologist is a doctor who deals with heart and blood vessel conditions. With their assistance, numerous cardiovascular issues can be treated or avoided. Additionally, they can focus on particular ailments, such as irregular cardiac rhythms, heart failure, or heart issues you've had throughout infancy. They are qualified to treat heart failure, arrhythmia, heart valve disorders, and heart attacks.
You might also see a cardiologist to determine your heart disease risk factors and inquire about instructions to enhance cardiovascular health. Clinical cardiologists' three main areas of attention are diagnosis, medical therapy (using medications), and prevention of cardiovascular disease. While clinical cardiologists focus only on care for adult patients, pediatric cardiologists diagnose and treat children's cardiac conditions.
Educational training and background of a cardiologist
The formal medical training for a cardiologist lasts at least ten years, after which they may choose a subspecialty recognized by the American Board of Medical Specialties. The certified subspecialties include adult congenital heart disease, cardiovascular disease, advanced heart failure, transplant cardiology, and clinical cardiac electrophysiology.
In simplified terms, an aspiring cardiologist must complete the following:
- A pre-medical study at a college or university for four years
- A four-year medical education leading to an M.D. degree
- An internal medicine residency program that lasts three years
- A fellowship program for advanced training in specialty fields that typically lasts three years or longer
- An exam by the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) exam for cardiovascular disease
- A certification by the American Board of Medical Specialties
What subspecialties can cardiologists pursue?
The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) recognizes the following cardiac subspecialties:
- Interventional cardiology: Doctors specializing in this discipline diagnose and treat heart conditions using small tubes known as catheters. Your cardiologist inserts these tubes through your blood vessels, helping prevent open-heart surgeries. Interventional cardiologists treat patients with coronary diseases, vascular conditions, and structural heart diseases like valve and septal defects.
- Adult congenital heart disease (ACHD): Congenital heart disease is a condition that is a common birth disability. Doctors specializing in ACHD cater to patients with these conditions. They perform a range of procedures, such as repairing outdated or dysfunctional valves, fixing a recurrent aortic coarctation (a condition in which a part of your aorta is narrower than it should be), and treating complications from Fontan procedures (a procedure for people born with one functional heart ventricle).
- Clinical cardiac electrophysiology: Doctors pursuing this subspecialty receive advanced training about the function, mechanism, and performance of the heart's electrical activities, which allows them to manage complex cardiac electrophysiologic diseases. They diagnose and treat patients with arrhythmias and perform invasive and non-invasive procedures, including tilt-table testing and catheter ablation.
- Advanced heart failure and transplant cardiology: Cardiologists specializing in this discipline treat patients with difficult-to-control cardiac failure, implement hemodynamic and electrophysiologic support devices, and assess patients for heart transplantation.
When should you see a cardiologist?
You can see a cardiologist near you for a wide range of concerns, including the following:
- Chest pain: Discomfort in the chest is a common sign of heart disease. Several other causes of chest discomfort are not related to the heart. Even so, activity-induced chest pressure is particularly problematic since it could indicate that the heart is not receiving enough blood. A cardiologist can assist in finding what's causing the problem and how to fix it. A heart attack, a potentially fatal emergency, can cause chest pain. If you suspect a heart attack, note the warning symptoms and dial 911 immediately. Keep in mind that male and female body indicators can differ.
- Elevated blood pressure level: When blood flows within the veins and through the body, it exerts pressure on the walls of the arteries. People with high blood pressure for long periods are more likely to get heart attacks and strokes.
- Heart palpitations, shortness of breath, dizziness: An irregular heartbeat, stress, medication, or arterial disease may cause these symptoms. A cardiologist can diagnose the issue.
- Diabetes: Diabetes and cardiovascular disease are strongly linked. Poorly regulated blood sugar significantly impacts your blood vessels' health, raising your risk of heart disease.
- Excessive or chain smoking: Smoking is a primary cause of avoidable heart disease, raising blood pressure and increasing cancer risk.
- Severe cholesterol problem in your family history: Cholesterol is a fatty chemical found in many foods and produced by the liver. High cholesterol levels can cause plaque in the arteries. A nutritious diet is an ideal method to lower your cholesterol. To lessen your risk of heart disease, consult a cardiologist about eating heart-healthy foods and checking your cholesterol levels.
- Chronic renal or kidney disease: Kidney failure raises your risk of developing heart disease. It is well-known that hypertension and vascular disease go hand-in-hand with kidney illness. With the advice of a doctor, you can learn how to keep yourself from developing heart disease.
- Family history: Heart disease can sometimes run in families. A cardiologist can assess your risk based on a family history of early-onset heart disease (men under 55 and women under 65) and may offer tests or preventive measures if necessary.
- Peripheral artery disease: Your heart pumps oxygen-rich blood through the arteries to the rest of your body. Cardiovascular illness is more likely to strike someone with health issues with the legs or the brain's big blood channels, known as the carotids. You can discuss tests and treatment options with a cardiologist if you have health issues.
- Inefficient exercise: Regular physical activity can prevent and treat cardiovascular disease. However, exercising is not always safe because of heart issues. Before starting any new fitness regimen, discuss the risk factors for heart disease with your cardiologist.
What are some standard cardiology tests?
Cardiology tests are painless and allow the doctor to understand your medical condition better. Here are the most prevalent cardiology tests the doctor might suggest:
The echocardiogram, often known as an echo, is a painless and safe procedure that enables the physician to understand the structure and function of the heart. Cardiologists use this test to evaluate heart problems in patients of all ages and sizes, including newborns and fetuses. An echo is a cardiac ultrasound or sound wave test. In the case of children, composure and stillness must be maintained throughout the echo test.
The electrocardiogram (EKG) is a standard heart test that enables medical professionals to view the heart's electrical activity, identify cardiac rhythms, and potentially detect enlargement of the heart chambers. The test typically lasts 5 to 10 minutes.
A chest X-ray gives medical professionals an image of the heart, lungs, and bones. Doctors can gather helpful information through chest X-rays that help in better diagnosis, for instance, the size of the heart. A chest X-ray takes around ten to fifteen minutes. The patient may stand before or lie under the X-ray machine to get a clear image. To help protect them from radiation, patients must wear aprons during this test. Due to the radiation exposure, the technicians instruct the patient's loved ones to remain outside the X-ray room.
The cardiologist performs the stress test using a treadmill or bicycle. Patients ride a bike or walk while wearing an EKG monitor and a mask over their mouth, which helps track their oxygen intake. The doctor might also ask the patient to put on a small clamp over their nose to assess their oxygen intake better. Stress tests can also evaluate a patient's heart rate, blood pressure, irregular heartbeat, and fitness level.
The patient takes home a portable EKG monitor, also called a Holter monitor, connected to them. This monitor enables medical professionals to examine the heart for a full day. Cardiologists advise patients to keep a diary while wearing a heart monitor so they may track their activities hour by hour.
- Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE)
This procedure uses ultrasound waves to visualize the heart and its connected arteries. Cardiologists utilize the TEE data to evaluate the performance of heart valves, monitor heart valve disorders, and detect blood clots within the heart.
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
MRI tests utilize a magnetic field and radiofrequency radiation to generate internal body pictures. This treatment lets cardiologists study heart anatomy, assess the function of heart valves, and detect scar tissue inside cardiac muscles.
How do you prepare for your first cardiology appointment?
If you are going to visit a cardiologist for the first time, you can take various steps to ensure the appointment goes smoothly. Are you wondering where to begin? You only need to follow the below-mentioned comprehensive preparation list before you head to the specialist's office:
- Know your symptoms: The cardiologist will begin the appointment by discussing your symptoms. So, you must know what they are, when they started, what makes them better or worse, whether you have tried any treatments, and how they affect your quality of life.
- Gather medical records: You must carry information about your other health conditions, allergies, recent injuries, past surgeries, and hospitalization history for your doctor's reference. If you had any recent medical tests, carry copies of your results. In addition to bringing your medical records, have an idea about your family history of chronic conditions.
- Bring your medications list: If you currently take prescription medications, over-the-counter drugs, supplements, or herbal remedies, list them with details about their dosages.
- Prepare to discuss your lifestyle: Lifestyle habits can significantly impact your heart health. Hence, you can expect the cardiologist to ask: Do you drink alcohol, smoke, or take drugs? Are you stressed? How do you generally manage it? What is your physical activity level? Can you share your everyday diet? It would help if you prepared honest and detailed answers to these questions.
- Write down questions: Whether you need information about your treatment options, tips to improve heart health or details about warning signs, you can discuss anything with your cardiologist and expect tailored advice.
Apart from following the above tips, remember to dress comfortably for the physical exam and heart tests, arrive on time, and bring a loved one for support. Call the provider's office if you have any other doubts or concerns before your appointment.
Finding a cardiologist near you in Chicago
Now that you've decided to see a cardiologist, you might realize it takes time and effort to track down the ideal candidate for your needs. But don't worry; you can access Zocdoc, which enables patients to book with heart doctors directly through simple and quick steps.
Visit the Zocdoc website and enter your illness, location (Chicago), chosen date, insurance company, and plan to get started. Your search results will list highly-rated cardiologists near you and their available consultation time slots. The doctor profiles include information about the provider's medical training, education, certifications, and verified patient reviews to help you make an informed decision.
Depending on the doctor's availability, patients can visit their providers as early or late as they wish. They may even schedule an appointment for the very same day. Entering your insurance plan in the drop-down menu at the top of the page might help determine if a cardiologist near you accepts your insurance.
Consider using our insurance detector feature if you cannot locate your particular health plan. You can upload an image of your insurance card, and Zocdoc will scan it to determine your likely plan. Add that information to the search bar and continue your search for in-network providers! For more insurance-related information, visit our patient help center page.
At Zocdoc, all appointments are safe, secure, and free of charge.
Prevalence of heart disease in Chicago
According to a study by the Chicago Department of Health, heart disease is the top cause of death among adults in the USA. An estimated 659,000 people die yearly due to heart ailments. Similarly, heart disease continues to be the most significant cause of mortality in Chicago, with around 5,500 yearly deaths from cardiovascular illnesses.
The study also revealed that stroke is the fourth and third considerable cause of death in the United States and Chicago, respectively. Stroke and heart disease are among the most widespread and expensive health issues affecting the country and Chicago today, accounting for more than $500 billion in healthcare costs and related expenses in 2010.
Furthermore, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has recognized the significance of heart health by designating February as American Heart Month, which educates the public about heart disease and stroke.
Sources
Cleveland Clinic[1]
Cleveland Clinic[2]
Cleveland Clinic[3]
Cleveland Clinic[4]
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Healio
WebMD
Chicago Department of Public Health
University of Utah
Texas Children’s Hospital
University of Michigan
