Who are OB-GYNs?
An obstetrician-gynecologist, more commonly known as an OB-GYN, is a specialist who primarily focuses on women's sexual and reproductive health problems. OB-GYNs assist women in making informed reproductive health decisions, such as preventing or inducing conception, maintaining overall reproductive health, and adopting a good lifestyle during and after pregnancy. While a gynecologist is primarily concerned with a woman's reproductive and sexual health, an obstetrician looks after their care during pregnancy, labor, and post-delivery. Both gynecologists and obstetricians also deliver general medical care and treatment to women of all age groups.
What kind of education and training do OB-GYNs receive?
The American Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ABOG) sets the educational and training criteria for OB-GYNs. Applicants interested in pursuing a career in obstetrics and gynecology should first earn a bachelor's degree in a related subject. Enrolling in a pre-med program or a path that includes the sciences (especially biology and chemistry) in college is expected. Students must sit the MCAT (Medical College Admission Test) before entering a medical college. In the formative years of medical school, students learn about fundamental pathology, anatomy, biology, immunology, infectious disorders, and the reproductive system. The following two years mainly consist of clinical rotations and working with patients under supervision.
After receiving their degrees, doctors can immerse themselves in their specializations at the residency level. Obstetricians and gynecologists receive expertise in obstetrics, gynecology, and emergency medicine, among other fields. Residencies to specialize in gynecology often last four years, according to the American Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology.
All medical doctors must obtain a license from their respective state medical boards to practice medicine. The licensing process typically involves taking the USMLE and submitting any required documents, although criteria may vary by state. The nationally recognized board, the American Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology, is responsible for certifying several obstetricians-gynecologists. Applicants must provide proof of experience and pass a written and oral examination.
OB-GYNs can also enroll in a three-year fellowship program in obstetrics and gynecology, available at teaching hospitals across the country, to further their education. Additionally, they can complete fellowships in maternal-fetal medicine, pediatric and adolescent gynecology, gynecologic oncology, and reproductive endocrinology.
What are the specialty areas in obstetrics and gynecology?
While about 80% of OB-GYNs are generalists and handle a range of issues, some of them prefer to specialize in a specific area of obstetrics and gynecology. Fertility, maternal-fetal medicine, female pelvic medicine, and reconstructive surgery are some of the specialty areas that OB-GYNs can take up.
- Maternal-fetal medicine - OB-GYNs specializing in maternal-fetal medicine handle high-risk pregnancies and their related medical conditions. Maternal-fetal treatment involves dealing with premature labor or treating/managing pregnancies with chronic or gestational high blood pressure, gestational diabetes, or blog-clotting disorders.
- Reproductive endocrinology and infertility - These specialists are experts in dealing with problems with the glands and hormones of the endocrine system. They treat infertility issues and can perform procedures such as in vitro fertilization, embryo transfer, intrafallopian gamete transfer, and zygote intrafallopian transfer.
- Female pelvic medicine and reproductive surgery - These specialists or surgeons can treat urinary tract disorders. They focus on the pelvic floor or conditions of the connective tissue and muscles beneath a woman's pelvis. For example, they treat bladder pain, pelvic organ prolapse, urinary or fecal incontinence, overactive bladders, and vaginal or urinary tract infections.
What do OB-GYNs treat?
The most common problems OB-GYNs treat include:
- Abnormal uterine bleeding - When you bleed between your monthly periods, bleed for too long, or have an extremely heavy flow, you may have a condition known as abnormal uterine bleeding. The menstrual cycle lasts about five to seven days every 21 to 35 days. Abnormal uterine bleeding affects 3% to 35% of women worldwide. According to research, this condition affects roughly 1% of women in the United States.
- Disorders caused by hormone imbalance - Hormones are chemicals produced by the endocrine system's glands. These substances send signals to tissues and organs through the bloodstream and maintain normal bodily functioning. Menopause often leads to a fall in women's estrogen and progesterone levels. Fatigue, night sweats, hot flashes, indigestion, breast pain, constipation, and acne before, after, or during menstruation are just a few symptoms indicating a hormonal problem.
- Vaginal infections - The inflammation of the vagina is called vaginitis, also known as vaginal infection. Vaginitis occurs when the healthy bacteria in the vaginal area become unbalanced. Yeast infection or bacterial vaginosis are the two forms of infection that can occur. Malodorous discharge, soreness or itching in and around the vaginal area, burning sensation while peeing, and painful intercourse are all indicators of infection.
- Infertility - This is a medical condition defined as the inability to get pregnant or conceive even after a year or more of unprotected intercourse/sex. Specialized doctors take the time to analyze and treat individuals aged 35 and older after six months of unprotected intercourse, as fertility in women is known to drop with age. Other than irregular menstruation — either a menstrual cycle that is too long or too short or the complete lack of periods — there may be no other indications or symptoms.
What kind of procedures do OB-GYNs perform?
OB-GYNs can perform inpatient and outpatient procedures and train for minor or major surgery. Some functions they can perform include:
- Myomectomy or the removal of fibroids
- Laser surgery
- Biopsies
- Dilation and curettage
- Hysterectomy or the removal of the uterus
- Tubular ligation for female sterilization
They can also assist pregnant women by performing vaginal delivery, cesarean delivery, forceps and vacuum deliveries, and amniocentesis to determine sex and any abnormalities.
What to expect in your first appointment?
During your initial visit, you'll converse with your doctor to understand what to anticipate in future appointments and gather information on maintaining good health. The first visit may include various examinations, with an attendant to join, if preferred. Commonly conducted assessments involve a general physical examination, checking height, weight, blood pressure, and an external genital exam.
The session is an opportunity to address questions about your body, growth, and sexual health. Your doctor may inquire about personal aspects, such as menstrual cycles or sexual activities, to tailor the care provided to you effectively.
Ensuring transparent and honest communication is essential for your well-being. If confidentiality is a concern, discussing it with your doctor beforehand is encouraged, as much of the shared information can be kept private.
While a pelvic exam is typically not necessary unless specific issues are present, sexually active individuals may undergo tests for certain infections, often conducted with a urine sample. A pelvic exam, if deemed necessary, consists of three parts:
- Observing the vulva.
- Utilizing a speculum to inspect the vagina and cervix.
- Checking internal organs with a gloved hand.
During the external genital exam, the doctor examines the vulva, sometimes providing a mirror for you to observe and learn about your body.
In the final stage of the pelvic exam, one or two gloved, lubricated fingers are gently introduced into the vagina to assess the cervix. At the same time, the other hand applies external pressure on the abdomen. This thorough examination helps the doctor ensure the overall health of your reproductive organs.
Generally, seeking specialized care for women's health is crucial. Consulting with a qualified OB-GYN near you is advisable. The initial visit is typically recommended between the ages of 13 and 15. The comprehensive approach to your first appointment aims to provide valuable information to address concerns. To establish a foundation for ongoing healthcare tailored to your needs, having a plan in place is important.
How to choose an OB-GYN during pregnancy?
You will be seeing an OB-GYN multiple times before, during, and even after pregnancy. While you are getting adjusted to a changing body and new routines, it is crucial to have a trusted OB-GYN at your side who will support you and fulfill all your health needs. A good OB-GYN is one who answers all your questions and concerns without judgment, anticipates and handles complex health problems, and ensures you feel comfortable throughout your pregnancy.
Generally, women are required to have one prenatal visit per month between week four and week 28 of their pregnancy. The frequency of prenatal visits increases once every two weeks during weeks 28 to 36. After that, you will have a visit every week. Depending on risk factors like pre-existing health conditions, being over the age of 35, and complications during pregnancy, you may have to see your OB-GYN more often. Your OB-GYN will also monitor your and your baby's health by continually recommending tests such as ultrasounds in-between visits.
Choosing an OB-GYN is a personal decision. Some mothers-to-be wish to continue with their current family physician or gynecologist, while others prefer other health practitioners who are qualified to provide expert pregnancy care. No matter what your choice, there are factors that you should consider before selecting your doctor. These include:
- Check your insurance and finances. If you have a health insurance plan, check what services your policy covers and look for OB-GYNs who participate in that plan in your area. This will help you understand what your future medical bills will look like. Call your OB-GYN's office and ask if their practice accepts your insurance.
- Ask people you know for recommendations. While your pregnancy experience may differ from that of your colleagues, peers, friends, and relatives, learning about their OB-GYN's bedside manner and the kind of care they provide can be useful information. It can help you narrow down on a skilled OB-GYN in your area.
- Credentials and specialties are essential when selecting an OB-GYN. For example, it may be beneficial for women with pre-existing conditions to find an OB-GYN who has experience in assessing risk factors and handling complications that arise during pregnancy. Additionally, a board-certified OB-GYN will be up-to-date on the latest advancements and practice standards.
- Considering you need to see your provider frequently, having an accessible one is essential. Find an OB-GYN near your home or workplace.
- See if an OB-GYN takes virtual appointments. You may have questions that do not require an appointment. In some cases, your doctor may be away. Ask them which physician will be covering their appointments in their absence, if they are available to answer questions on the weekends, and how they handle emergencies.
- Check if your OB-GYN has admitting privileges with a regional or local hospital. This is important if you plan on delivering your baby in a hospital.
- Check to see if your OB-GYN's practice offers services such as blood tests, ultrasounds, and other imaging or laboratory services.
- Ask your OB-GYN about their delivery practices. Your delivery schedule can vary depending on the type of practice your OB-GYN has. In many group practices or hospitals, OB-GYNs have rotating schedules where doctors take turns performing deliveries. Therefore, the OB-GYN who delivers your baby may not necessarily be the one you have been consulting for prenatal care.
- Choose an OB-GYN who aligns with your personal beliefs. Talk to your doctor about pain management, your birth plan, if they will perform a C-section as per your preference, etc.
- Choose an OB-GYN who prioritizes your safety. If you have experienced or are still experiencing domestic violence, sexual abuse, or trauma, you need an OB-GYN who is sensitive and trained in providing care for such issues.
- It is also important to choose an OB-GYN who caters to your mental health needs. Many mothers may experience a severe, long-lasting phase of depression after their delivery, called postpartum depression. A good OB-GYN will be able to recognize the signs of depression and help you with the necessary resources.
Find an OB-GYN near you in Indianapolis, IN
Choosing an OB-GYN can be a difficult decision. In addition to clinical expertise, you should seek an OB-GYN who promotes open and candid discussion. Secondly, depending on pre-existing conditions (such as cancer or diabetes), you may need to consult a specialist OB-GYN who has experience treating patients with a similar health profile.
Even in excellent health, you should not skip regular check-ups or recommended visits to the gyno. While many life changes (such as menopause or pregnancy) commonly lead to physical symptoms, they may also require additional care. For instance, lifestyle factors such as diet are essential in a healthy pregnancy. Likewise, the fall in estrogen or progesterone during perimenopause can make you vulnerable to developing other health conditions, such as osteoporosis. Finally, while you may not need a visit to the OB-GYN for contraception, some forms, such as IUD or sterilization, require obtaining medical advice.
Zocdoc is a one-of-a-kind website that allows users to select their OB-GYNs based on their specialty and the problems for which they provide treatment options. You can find a practitioner that accepts your insurance and is nearby. If you are unable to find your specific insurance plan, you may upload a photo of your insurance card. Zocdoc will then scan the image of your card and show you a plan that best matches your card. Note that this option is only available for medical insurance cards. Dental and vision are excluded. If you need assistance uploading your medical insurance card or have any other query, reach out to Zocdoc's service team, available 365 days a year via chat or email. You may also go through Zocdoc's patient help center for more details on insurance.
When you visit Zocdoc, you can go through various profiles and learn more about their medical training, hospital affiliations, certifications, honors, specialties, residencies, or the languages they speak. Our verified customer reviews will also help you make the right decision.
You can schedule an appointment quickly once you find the right OB-GYN near you. Further, depending on the OB-GYN's availability, you can book an appointment during office hours, before 10 am or after 5 pm, and even on weekends.
Booking an appointment on Zocdoc is simple, secure, and free!
OB-GYNs and Indianapolis
As per the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), half of all counties in the United States lack a single obstetrician-gynecologist (OB-GYN). More than 10 million women live in such areas, many requiring primary care from OB-GYNs.
Women's healthcare is a booming sector, partly due to the increasing awareness of the health concerns specific to women. Today, reproductive health difficulties account for roughly one-third of all health problems women face between the ages of 15 and 44. About 22,658 OB-GYNs work with private practices, hospitals, or clinics in the United States.
Only 40% of American women reported seeing an obstetrician or gynecologist once a year. The worsening physician shortage in the United States is affecting a variety of disciplines, including maternity care. Per a survey by the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, a shortfall of about 9,000 obstetricians and gynecologists (OB/GYN) was expected by 2020, with a shortage of up to 22,000 in 2050. Indianapolis, IN, is one of the metropolitan regions in the United States that is not expected to have a physician shortage.
Sources
Cleveland Clinic
Mayo Clinic[1]
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
American University of Antigua
American Journal of Managed Care
Healthline[1]
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
WebMD
Healthline[2]
Penn Medicine Lancaster General Health
Sutter Health
Mayo Clinic[2]
