Who are ear, nose, and throat doctors?
Imagine having trouble breathing due to a clogged nose, being unable to sing along to your favorite song because your throat hurts, or hearing a ringing sound inside your ears. Situations like these can jeopardize our daily lives. The ability to breathe normally, speak and swallow easily, and hear are fundamental functions that enrich our lives and experiences.
Early in the 19th century, doctors discovered that our ears, nose, and throat are connected through tubes and passages. They devised treatment strategies and tools to address concerns associated with the ear, nose, and throat, and thus, a new specialty came into being―the Ear, Nose, and Throat specialty, shortened to ENT. The ENT specialists are also called "otolaryngologists."
What are the educational qualifications of an ENT doctor?
Like any medical doctor, an ENT doctor must complete a 4-year medical degree. ENT aspirants among medical graduates then complete a 5-year residency program, which engages them with senior doctors and experts in otolaryngology. They also receive training and work experience in specific ear, nose, and throat issues and research, oncology, anesthesiology, surgery, and more.
ENT specialists must clear the state's exam to become fully licensed doctors. To be board-certified, ENT medical doctors must meet the following criteria:
- Graduation from any of the accredited medical schools
- Obtain a license to practice in at least one state in the U.S.
- Complete training for ENT specialty, specified by the American Board of Otolaryngology (ABOto)
- Test for and pass ABOto for the Otolaryngology Board certification exam
Some ENT doctors pursue 1 to 2 years of additional training for further specialization. The specialization can include neurology, pediatrics, allergies, head and neck tumors, rhinology, or cosmetic and reconstructive surgery.
Subspecialties under otolaryngology
Otolaryngologists, or ENT specialists, may pursue additional training in one or more subspecialties to further their expertise in specific areas. These subspecialties include:
- Allergy: Specialists in this field treat environmental allergies such as pollen or pet dander using medications or immunotherapy shots. They can also help diagnose food allergies.
- Facial and reconstructive surgery: These doctors perform cosmetic surgeries, such as facelifts and rhinoplasty (nose jobs), and assist individuals who have experienced facial trauma or were born with conditions that affect their appearance.
- Head and neck: This subspecialty focuses on treating tumors in the nose, sinuses, mouth, throat, voice box, and upper esophagus.
- Laryngology: These specialists address conditions and injuries related to the voice box (larynx) and vocal cords. They also diagnose and treat swallowing difficulties.
- Otology and neurotology: Doctors in this field treat ear-related conditions, including infections, hearing loss, dizziness, and tinnitus (ringing or buzzing in the ears).
- Pediatric ENT: Pediatric ENTs are specially trained to treat children, using age-appropriate tools and creating a child-friendly environment. They manage common childhood issues such as ear infections, tonsillitis, asthma, allergies, and head and neck birth defects. They also diagnose and treat speech or language disorders in children.
- Rhinology: Specialists in rhinology focus on the nose and sinuses. They treat conditions like sinusitis, nosebleeds, loss of smell, and nasal blockages.
- Sleep medicine: Some ENTs focus on breathing-related sleep disorders, such as snoring or sleep apnea. They may conduct sleep studies to assess nighttime breathing problems.
These subspecialties allow otolaryngologists to provide targeted care for multiple conditions affecting the ear, nose, throat, and related structures.
What are the conditions treated by ENT doctors?
Otolaryngologists or ENT doctors specialize in the organs below the brain and above the lungs, except the eyes. They are well-equipped in the medical and surgical management of ear, nose, and throat diseases. ENT doctors tend to a wide range of conditions related to:
- Sinuses, allergies, and growths in the nasal duct
- Ears, including hearing loss, ear tubes
- Body balance
- The larynx (voicebox)
- The tonsils and adenoids
- Smell and taste disorders
- Sleeping troubles like snoring or obstructive sleep apnea
- Lesions in the mouth and throat
- Mouth and throat cancers
- Head and neck cancers
As detailed below, each of the above conditions is related to a specific organ.
- Ear: Issues concerning hearing and body balance are associated with ears. ENT specialists treat conditions like ear infections, ringing in the ear (also known as tinnitus), hearing loss, and dizziness. ENT specialists also care for conditions like earwax impaction, where excessive earwax buildup can lead to discomfort and temporary hearing loss. Another common concern they treat is otitis media (infection or inflammation of the middle ear), mainly seen in children. Meniere's disease, an inner ear problem that can result in vertigo, hearing loss, and ringing in the ears, is also one of the conditions they are well-equipped to manage.
- Nose: Sinusitis, allergies, migraines, and nasal obstructions are common conditions that interfere with normal breathing. ENT doctors attend to these common conditions and other significant issues, such as surgery for nasal growths, tumors inside the cranial cavity, and correcting a deviated septum. They can also offer solutions for chronic sinus infections, recurrent nosebleeds, and severe allergies that impact the nasal passages. Additionally, ENT specialists can perform rhinoplasty, a surgical treatment to refine the appearance and function of the nose, benefiting both aesthetics and breathing. A skilled otolaryngologist near you can help you choose the best treatment option to help ease your symptoms, including antibiotics, medications, or surgery.
- Throat: ENT specialists are often consulted for sore throat, vocal cord infections, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), throat tumors, and airway and voice box disorders. ENT doctors also diagnose and treat conditions like tonsillitis, inflammation, or infection of the tonsils. They may recommend tonsillectomy (removal of the tonsils) if necessary to alleviate chronic infections and breathing difficulties. In airway and voice box disorders, ENT specialists use advanced diagnostic techniques to assess vocal cord function and provide personalized treatment plans to restore optimal vocal capabilities.
Apart from the specific organ-related disorders, ENT doctors are consulted in the following cases as well:
- Sleep disorders: ENT specialists also treat disordered breathing during sleep, sleep apnea, nasal and airway obstruction, snoring, and other such breathing issues that result in sleep disorders. They work closely with sleep specialists to accurately diagnose and develop effective treatment strategies for improved sleep quality and overall health.
- Thyroid: An ENT doctor treats disorders related to thyroid glands, such as Grave's disease, an enlarged thyroid, thyroid tumors, and parathyroid disease. They also treat conditions like thyroid nodules, which are solid or fluid-filled lumps in the thyroid gland.
- Head and neck: The head and the neck are two of the most vital parts of our body and are highly susceptible to tumors and cancers. ENT doctors are also consulted for treatment and therapy for tumors or cancers in these organs. They also play an essential role in diagnosing and treating various head and neck tumors, including salivary gland tumors, throat cancer, and neck lymph node enlargement.
- Facial plastic and reconstructive surgery: An accident or injury can cause facial trauma and, subsequently, change the appearance of an individual. In other cases, changes in appearance might be due to congenital disabilities like ear deformities or even side effects associated with medication. ENT specialists help reverse such deformities through facial plastic surgery, corrective surgeries, and reconstructive surgeries, a lifesaver for many. They also offer surgical interventions for cleft lip and palate, ensuring proper development and functioning of the affected areas. If you are considering facial plastic or reconstructive surgery, consulting with a qualified otolaryngologist with relevant experience in the field is essential.
- Pediatric ENT: Pediatric ENT specialists focus on neonatal and pediatric needs, congenital issues concerning the head and neck, ear infections, airway problems, allergies, asthma, and more.
When should you see an ear, nose & throat doctor?
There are various reasons for seeing an ear, nose, and throat doctor near you. These include:
- Chronic ear infections typically result from another condition, such as allergies or a cold, that causes swelling and congestion. These can be painful and cause fever, headache, difficulty hearing, and loss of balance. Ear tubes are a standard treatment for this condition. During the procedure, an ENT doctor makes a tiny hole in your eardrum, suctioning fluid from the middle ear. Next, they place a small tube in the ear's opening to ensure proper ventilation and prevent fluid buildup in the future. Usually, these tubes stay in place for 4-18 months and fall out independently.
- Chronic stuffy nose: This results from sinusitis, when your sinuses become inflamed, interfering with how mucus usually drains and making your nose stuffy. Symptoms of a chronic stuffy nose include difficulty breathing, tenderness around the eyes, and discolored discharge from the nose. Based on the cause of the congestion, an ENT doctor can suggest a treatment plan, including medications or surgery.
- Lumps in the neck: Lymph nodes help your body fight off infections. Several lymph nodes in your neck and head can become tender and swollen or feel tender due to a bacterial or viral infection. While most swollen lymph nodes improve in a few weeks, you should see an ENT doctor if the lumps last for over two weeks, keep increasing in size, feel hard or rubbery, or cause fever or night sweats.
- Vertigo or dizziness: Your inner ear plays a critical role in maintaining balance, and inner ear problems can cause vertigo - a sensation of feeling off balance. The most common cause of vertigo is dislodging calcium crystals in your inner ear from their usual position. Symptoms of this condition include feeling unbalanced or pulled in one direction, nausea, jerking eye movements, headache, and ringing in the ears. An ENT doctor can devise a treatment plan to ease your symptoms and help you regain balance.
How can you prevent ENT disorders?
Here are a few preventative measures to avoid ear, nose, and throat (ENT) conditions.
Preventing ear infections
A common ENT condition, ear infections occur when bacteria enter and get trapped in the ear. Here are a few suggestions for avoiding ear infections:
- Try to avoid being around cigarette smoke.
- Try to limit your exposure to contagious respiratory diseases.
- Get a diagnosis and treatment if you have allergies.
- Some individuals, especially children, may be more prone to ear infections due to specific genetic traits. Ear tubes may be necessary for children frequently suffering from recurrent ear infections.
Preventing a sore throat
Bacterial or viral infections are a frequent cause of sore throats. Following proper hygiene practices, such as regularly washing your hands, is an excellent way to avoid getting sick. Here are some other recommendations for preventing a sore throat:
- Get plenty of rest and exercise to help strengthen your immune system.
- Avoid exposure to cigarette smoke.
- Avoid spending a lot of time outside in areas with poor air quality.
- Seek treatment if you have esophageal reflux.
- Consider seeing a doctor if you have a sore throat that has persisted for a few days.
Preventing sinus infections
Sinus infections occur when bacteria enter one of the hollow chambers in the skull surrounding the eyes and nose. Following are some precautions you can take:
- A saline nasal spray is beneficial while suffering from a cold, as it can clear your nasal passages.
- If you have a cold, do not fly. Apply a decongestant and nasal spray 30 minutes before takeoff if you must travel by air.
- For chronic sinusitis, try using saline nasal spray daily.
How to find the right ear, nose, and throat doctor in Plano, Texas?
Do you have any ear, nose, and throat conditions? Are you seeking an expert medical opinion? If you are searching for the best ear, nose & throat doctors near you, your search ends here! Find the best ENT specialists in Plano with Zocdoc. Zocdoc provides a comprehensive list of ENT specialists who can diagnose and treat your health issues.
How can you find your specialist? It's easy. Start by creating a free account on Zocdoc. Search for the best otolaryngologists near you with filters such as symptoms, disease, insurance plan, and locality. When booking an appointment on Zocdoc, you'll be prompted to provide your insurance details or indicate if you plan to pay out-of-pocket. Some providers may require insurance information to complete the booking process. If you prefer not to share your insurance details or don't have insurance, you can choose to pay privately and select another provider on Zocdoc that aligns with your preferences. You can visit Zocdoc's patient help center for more insurance-related questions.
Based on the various search filters, you will receive a list of ENT doctors in Plano. The doctors' detailed profiles, specialties, and patient reviews are here. The doctor profile and reviews can help you decide on the doctor you prefer to consult. To schedule an appointment, go through the calendar to choose a slot that is convenient for you. You can also book video appointments on Zocdoc before your in-person visit to the clinic. Check for a purple video icon on the doctor's profile or filter the video appointment selection.
Once you complete the appointment through Zocdoc, you can leave a review of your experience with the ear, nose & throat doctor near you. Your thoughts will help new patients find the best ENT specialists in Plano, TX. We ensure that all bookings made on Zocdoc are 100% secure.
ENT health and doctors in the U.S.
Various diseases and disorders of the ears, nose, and throat can occur in people of any age or gender.
As per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention data, chronic sinusitis is a common medical complaint, with around 28.9 million adults (11.6%) receiving a diagnosis yearly in the U.S. The increasing elderly population and the increase in the incidence of various ear, nose, and throat ailments are raising concerns over the efficacy of the state's healthcare system.
According to the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, five out of six children experience an ear infection before their third birthday.
According to a 2025 peer-reviewed study using workforce projection data from the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), the United States had an estimated supply of approximately 11,590 full-time-equivalent otolaryngologists (ENT specialists) in 2025. Demand for ENT specialists is projected to grow in the coming years, reaching approximately 12,850 FTEs by 2036, while the available supply is projected to reach only about 11,620 FTEs. This would result in a projected national shortfall of approximately 1,230 full-time-equivalent otolaryngologists by 2036.
Sources
WebMD[1]
WebMD[2]
WebMD[3]
WebMD[4]
UNC HEALTH
National Library of Medicine
National Institute on Deafness and other Communication Disorders
Johns Hopkins Medicine
Verywell Health
Mayo Clinic
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
