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Who is an ENT specialist?

An ENT specialist or an otolaryngologist is a certified medical professional specializing in ear, nose, and throat (ENT) disorders. They not only diagnose and dispense medication for ENT disorders but can also perform minor or complex surgical procedures such as a tonsillectomy (removal of tonsils), tympanoplasty (surgical repair of the eardrum), facial and plastic reconstructive surgery, etc.

What kind of education and training do ENT specialists receive?

Otolaryngologists undergo extensive education and training to become highly specialized in their field, typically spanning at least 13 years. This begins with earning a bachelor's degree, which takes around four years, followed by four years of medical school. Afterward, otolaryngologists complete at least five years of specialty training in otolaryngology.

To become board-certified by the American Board of Otolaryngology, they must pass both written and oral examinations, ensuring they possess the expertise required to treat issues related to the ear, nose, and throat.

What are the subspecialties within ENT practice?

Some of the otolaryngology specializations include:

• Allergy: Physicians in this field address environmental allergies, such as pollen or pet dander, using medications or immunology shots. They also assist in identifying potential or existing food allergies.
• Facial and reconstructive surgery: These specialists perform cosmetic procedures like facelifts and nose jobs. They also aid in altering the appearance of individuals who have been in accidents or have congenital issues. Furthermore, they play a crucial role in facial trauma reconstruction, restoring the face's function and aesthetics.
• Head and neck: These doctors specialize in tumors affecting the nose, sinuses, mouth, throat, voice box, or upper esophagus. They also collaborate closely with cancer specialists (oncologists) in devising comprehensive cancer treatment plans.
• Laryngology: Doctors in this field focus on diseases and injuries impacting the voice box (larynx) and vocal cords. They also diagnose and treat swallowing issues. Laryngologists often utilize advanced imaging techniques such as laryngeal endoscopies to reach accurate diagnoses.
• Otology and neurotology: These specialists address ear-related concerns and manage conditions such as infections, hearing loss, dizziness, and tinnitus. Additionally, they are skilled in performing delicate surgical procedures, including cochlear implants for hearing restoration.
• Pediatric ENT: Specially trained to treat children, pediatric ENTs handle common issues like ear infections, tonsillitis, asthma, and allergies. They employ child-friendly diagnostic tools and strategies to ensure a comfortable experience.
• Rhinology: Specialists in this field concentrate on the nose and sinuses, treating conditions like sinusitis, nosebleeds, loss of smell, nasal congestion, and abnormal growths. They employ advanced imaging technologies like CT scans for precise diagnosis and treatment planning.
• Sleep medicine: Some ENTs specialize in sleep problems related to breathing, including snoring or sleep apnea. These doctors recommend diagnostic measures like sleep studies to assess nocturnal breathing difficulties. ENTs in sleep medicine often collaborate with sleep specialists to provide comprehensive care, including lifestyle modifications and therapeutic interventions.

Reasons to visit an ENT specialist

Through years of training and experience, an ENT doctor becomes an expert in treating many conditions. On a typical visit, your doctor will identify your symptoms and ensure a proper diagnosis and a smooth recovery. Some of the reasons one should visit an ENT specialist include:

• Hearing loss: If you have started noticing that your hearing abilities are waning or your voice is too soft or murmuring, consult an ENT. In such cases, an otolaryngologist works with an audiologist to identify various causes of hearing loss, from ear infections and earwax buildup to ruptured eardrums and damage to the inner ear. Even if you notice acute hearing loss, it is advisable to get it evaluated by an otolaryngologist and an audiologist within a few days to a week after its detection. This is necessary as the issue may be related to sudden sensorineural hearing loss.
• Chronic ear infections: These are infections in the air-filled space behind the eardrum. Children between the ages of six months and two years are especially vulnerable to them due to the physical build of their middle ears and eustachian tubes. If your child develops multiple such infections, it may be time to see an otolaryngologist.
• Tonsillitis or a chronic sore throat: Tonsils are two oval-shaped tissue pads at the back of the throat that become inflamed when someone has tonsillitis. Some of its symptoms include swelling, difficulty swallowing, painful throat, and tender lymph nodes on the sides of the neck. It is essential to have a prompt and accurate diagnosis because the appropriate treatment for tonsillitis is dependent on the underlying cause. Surgery to remove the tonsils, which was once a standard therapy for tonsillitis, is now usually carried out in cases where the infection is severe, recurring, or has other serious complications.
• Chronic nasal congestion (chronic sinusitis): Sinusitis occurs when the sinuses become swollen and inflamed. This swelling disrupts the usual way mucus drains, causing nasal congestion. You could have difficulty breathing through your nose, produce discolored nasal discharge, and experience tenderness around your eyes. Persistent sinusitis, also called chronic sinusitis, is classified by a history of sinus infections that do not respond to treatment or by symptoms lasting more than three months. An ENT specialist can help determine the best treatment alternatives to address your symptoms, such as medications, antibiotics, or surgery.
• Dizziness: Its typical symptoms include weakness, faintness, or a spinning sensation. Anemia, diabetes, high blood pressure, dehydration, etc., can be some causes of dizziness. It generally may be a short-term problem, and you may experience it after waking up too early, taking medication, or having a migraine. An otolaryngologist can help create a treatment plan to stabilize your footing and relieve your symptoms.  

Common procedures performed by an ENT specialist

Here are some common procedures performed by otolaryngologists:

1. Tonsillectomy: A procedure to remove the tonsils, often performed to address recurring throat infections or sleep apnea.
2. Myringotomy with pressure equalization tube placement: This procedure is typically performed on children who suffer from frequent ear infections that prevent fluid buildup.
3. Tympanoplasty: A surgery that helps repair ruptured eardrums and restore hearing.
4. Endoscopic sinus surgery: A minimally invasive procedure utilizing small instruments to restore normal sinus function and relieve chronic sinusitis.
5. Septoplasty: A corrective surgery that helps straighten the nasal septum in patients with a deviated septum.
6. Thyroid surgery: Commonly done to remove the thyroid gland in cases of thyroid cancer or other thyroid-related issues.
7. Neck dissection: A procedure that removes lymph nodes in the neck so that the head and neck cancer does not spread.
8. Surgery for snoring, also called Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA): Soft tissue is removed from the throat during this surgery to help improve airflow and relieve sleep apnea symptoms.
9. Tracheostomy: A surgical procedure where a tube is inserted into the trachea (windpipe) to assist with breathing in cases of severe airway obstruction.
10. Excision and biopsy: This procedure involves a tumor removal, partially or entirely, to diagnose or treat cancerous growths.
11. Facial plastic surgery: Includes cosmetic or medical procedures such as rhinoplasty (nose reshaping), facelifts, or chin augmentation for aesthetic or reconstructive purposes.
12. Blepharoplasty: A surgery that removes excess, drooping skin from above the eyelids for improved vision or appearance.

How to prepare for an ENT visit?

Preparing for an ENT visit might be tricky and often daunting. While ENT specialists can treat most ENT disorders easily, untreated symptoms can lead to more severe conditions such as head and neck cancers, permanent hearing loss, etc. Therefore, if you find yourself or your children suffering from the following symptoms, visit an ear, nose & throat doctor near you as soon as possible:

• Earache
• Dizziness or vertigo
• Sore throat or hoarseness
• Difficulty in swallowing
• Stuffy nose
• Decreased hearing
• Nasal drainage
• Irritability in children

Before you visit an ENT specialist, it is advisable to prepare for your visit by creating a list of questions. You must also keep your personal medical information handy if your ENT doctor wants to learn your medical history before recommending further diagnostic tests.

Here's some information you should take to your appointment:

• Medical records: Your doctor may ask you questions about previous conditions you may have had.
• A list of all your medications: Besides your medical history, the medicines you take (including over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, etc.) daily and their dosage may help your doctor further diagnose and treat your condition.
• Information on recurring symptoms: Note all the symptoms you've been experiencing for the past few days or weeks. This will help your ENT specialist assess your condition better.
• Previous test reports: If you've had any recent tests done, you might want to carry the related test results to your appointment in case your ENT doctor asks.

What questions should a parent ask an ENT when visiting for their child?

If you are a parent who is planning to take your child for an ENT visit, here are some questions you can ask your ENT doctor:

• What kind of hearing loss does my child have?
• Which other health professionals should I schedule an appointment with? (for example, an eye doctor, an oncologist, etc., depending on the condition)
• How can I prevent this condition from occurring again? (for example, how to avoid GERD/sinusitis/earaches, etc.)
• Is there any additional testing required? (For example, do you need a CT scan, MRI, blood test, urine test, EKG, tests for allergies, etc.)
• Will surgery be necessary for the treatment of my child's condition?
• How frequently must my child return for a check-up?

How to find the right ENT specialist in San Antonio?

Zocdoc helps users find the right ear, nose & throat doctor near them by providing a list of top-rated and certified medical professionals in their area. If you are situated in San Antonio, Texas, and want to book an online appointment with an ENT specialist, head to Zocdoc and enter your condition, insurance carrier plan, and the date you wish to schedule an appointment. Zocdoc will then show you a list of professionals along with their credentials, educational background, available time slots, and patient reviews. Not only can you book same-day video consultations, but you can also visit your doctor in person for further evaluation.

Our online patient support center can assist if you need help finding otolaryngologists who accept your insurance. On Zocdoc, you can connect your medical, dental, and vision insurance plans to your account, though you can use only one plan per appointment. You can include your secondary insurance details in the appointment notes for those with multiple insurance plans. Alternatively, if your healthcare provider utilizes Zocdoc’s Intake forms, you can directly enter your secondary insurance information there.

Booking appointments with Zocdoc is fast, free, and secure. Finding the best ear, nose & throat doctor near you has never been easier!

ENT statistics in San Antonio, Texas

According to data collated by the American Cancer Society (ACS), out of the nearly 139,320 new cancer cases reported in Texas in 2022, about 870 were of the larynx, 3,490 were thyroid cancer cases, and 1,370 were of the esophagus. Additionally, there were around 3,900 oral cavity and pharynx cancer cases.

The American Community Survey also estimated that in 2017, roughly 59,064 individuals in San Antonio had hearing problems.

Sources

American Cancer Society

University of Alabama Medicine

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Mayo Clinic Health System

ENThealth

City of San Antonio

ENT and Allergy Specialists

WebMD

The content herein is provided for general informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Medical information changes constantly, and therefore the content on this website should not be assumed to be current, complete or exhaustive. Always seek the advice of your doctor before starting or changing treatment. If you think you may have a medical emergency, please call your doctor or 9-1-1 immediately.