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Who are gastroenterologists?

Gastroenterology is a field of medicine that focuses on diagnosing, treating, and preventing disorders of the digestive system or the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The GI tract includes various organs, including the esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, and gallbladder. These organs work together to swallow, digest food, absorb nutrients, and eliminate the waste created in the process.

Gastroenterologists are physicians who are experts in the management of digestive system disorders. They can identify and manage various ailments, including acid reflux, irritable bowel syndrome, ulcers, liver disease, pancreatic disease, and colon cancer. In addition to examining and treating digestive system ailments, gastroenterologists perform various diagnostic procedures and therapeutic interventions. These may include endoscopy, colonoscopy, liver biopsy, and various other tests and techniques to help diagnose and treat conditions affecting the digestive system.

Gastroenterologists collaborate with other healthcare professionals, including primary care physicians, surgeons, oncologists, and nutritionists, to provide comprehensive care to patients with digestive system disorders. They also play a critical role in educating patients about the importance of maintaining good digestive health and preventing the development of digestive system disorders.

Education and medical training of gastroenterologists

Becoming a gastroenterologist needs years of education and medical training. Here is an overview of the necessary education and training to become a gastroenterologist:

• Undergraduate education: The first step in becoming a gastroenterologist is obtaining a four-year bachelor's degree from an accredited college or university. 
• Medical school: After completing undergraduation, aspiring gastroenterologists must attend medical school for four years. Students study various subjects in medical school, including anatomy, physiology, pharmacology, and medical ethics.
• Residency: They then complete a residency program in internal medicine. Internal medicine residency programs usually last three years and provide training in diagnosing and treating various medical conditions.
• Fellowship: After completing their residency program, aspiring gastroenterologists must complete a fellowship program in gastroenterology. Gastroenterology fellowship programs generally last three years and provide in-depth training in diagnosing and treating digestive system disorders. They receive extensive training in several diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, including endoscopy, colonoscopy, and liver biopsy.
• Board certification: The final step is to get board-certified by the American Board of Internal Medicine by passing an examination in the relevant field. 

In addition to their ongoing practice, gastroenterologists must maintain their skills and knowledge through continuing medical education (CME) courses to be relevant and updated with the evolving field of medicine.

Common diseases affecting the GI tract

From minor to severe ailments, digestive disorders cover many conditions. Some of these include:

• Heartburn (gastroesophageal reflux)
• Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) (contents from the stomach move into the esophagus, causing acid reflux)
• Peptic ulcers (sores in the lower esophagus, stomach, and small intestine)
• Colon polyps (outgrowths on the surface of the colon)
• Colitis (inflammation of the large intestine)
• Hepatitis (inflammation of the liver)
• Pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas)
• Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) (irritation of the bowel leading to changes in the form or frequency of bowel movements)
• Nutritional problems
• Gastroesophageal cancer

Reasons to consult a gastroenterologist

Most common digestive problems, like constipation, diarrhea, and acid reflux, require changing your eating habits and being mindful about what and when you do. These common problems subside on their own—however, you must schedule a visit to a gastroenterologist if you:

• Experience abdominal pain that does not go with home remedies 
• Spot blood in your stool
• Have trouble with swallowing 
• Have constant digestive issues such as constipation or diarrhea 
• Suffer from chronic heartburn or acid reflux 

If you are 50 years and above, scheduling a yearly appointment with a gastroenterologist near you is essential. Colon screening is vital as the chances of colon cancer increase after this age. 

Correct identification of intestinal diseases requires a comprehensive medical history and physical examination. Therefore, you must provide detailed information about your symptoms, lists of all medications and supplements you are on, and previous medical records. This information will help your doctor select the best course of treatment. 

What to expect during your initial visit to a gastroenterologist?

The first appointment with a gastroenterologist takes 30 to 60 minutes. They will start their consultation by recording your medical and medication history and asking detailed questions about your symptoms.

For physical examination, your gastroenterologist will ask you to lie on a table and press down on your stomach and surrounding areas to look for tenderness or any mass. They may also ask you to take deep breaths or cough while they listen to your bowel sounds. 

Gastroenterologists insert their fingers into your rectum to assess muscle tone and check for growth during a rectal examination.

After conducting the preliminary checkup round, the doctor will plan an appropriate course of treatment, including prescribing medications and performing specific procedures if necessary. Some of the standard procedures performed by gastroenterologists are:

• Endoscopy
• Barium swallow or enema
• Liver biopsy (used for assessing inflammations and fibrosis of the liver)
• Feeding tube insertion 
• Laboratory tests such as stool culture and fecal occult blood test
• Imaging tests, including X-rays, CT scans, MRI scan

What is endoscopy?

Endoscopy is a procedure used to examine internal organs. This procedure uses a long, thin, and flexible tube known as an endoscope, which contains a camera and light at its end. The endoscope is inserted via a natural opening, such as the mouth, or through a small incision in the body, permitting medical professionals to see and assess the internal structures. Endoscopy is a widely used diagnostic tool in medicine. It lets doctors view the internal organs and tissues in real time, diagnose diseases and disorders, and provide treatment without invasive surgery. The procedure applies to multiple body areas, comprising the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive systems.

Multiple procedures can be performed depending on the type of endoscopy that is in use. For example, during a gastrointestinal endoscopy, the doctor may take tissue samples (biopsy) or remove polyps or growths using specialized tools attached to the endoscope. Similarly, during a bronchoscopy, the doctor may use the endoscope to examine the airways and lungs, take tissue samples, or remove foreign objects. Endoscopy is generally considered safe and minimally invasive, with few risks and complications. Some potential risks, like bleeding, infection, or perforation of the organ or tissue, can be minimized by following proper preparation procedures.

Some standard endoscopic procedures include upper endoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, and endoscopic ultrasound. 

Lifestyle changes for a healthy GI tract

Our fast-paced lifestyle and increasingly harmful chemicals in our foods make us prone to stomach and intestinal issues like acid reflux and ulcers. Having such issues in the long term can also become fatal. Simple lifestyle changes can help promote a healthy GI tract and prevent digestive problems:

• Keep your body hydrated: Hydration helps in more effortless bowel movements. 
• Exercise regularly: Regular exercise helps move food through your digestive system more easily. 
• Quit harmful habits: Smoking and drinking alcohol affect the liver and digestive system.
• Manage your stress levels: Increased stress levels lead to digestive issues and increase the chances of stomach ulcers.
• Choose the right foods: A healthy diet of fruits, vegetables, fiber, and probiotics helps maintain a healthy gut. Avoid excessive caffeine, as it can cause ulcers and heartburn.

Specific foods that are good for gastrointestinal health

Here are some excellent food options that are good for overall gastrointestinal health:

• Whole grains: Doctors suggest including whole grains in your diet as they provide fiber to the body. Having 25 grams of fiber daily can promote good gut bacteria that promote optimal colon function. Besides, compared to refined carbohydrates like pasta and white bread, whole grains are richer in fiber and added nutrients, such as omega-3 fatty acids.
• Leafy greens: Besides being fiber-abundant, leafy greens like spinach or kale carry several nutrients. These include vitamin C, folate, vitamin K, and vitamin A. Research also found a specific type of sugar in leafy greens that fuels the growth of healthy gut bacteria.
• Lean protein: Experts suggest that people with IBS or bowel sensitivity should consume lean proteins instead of high-fat foods because fat-rich foods usually stimulate colon contractions. It leads to GI concerns. For example, red meat, being high in fats, is a less healthy option. It encourages colon bacteria that produce chemicals associated with an elevated risk of clogged arteries.
• Low fructose fruits: Sometimes, people prone to gas and bloating may not tolerate fructose or fruit sugar well. Hence, choosing berries, oranges, bananas, and grapefruit (with a low amount of fructose) over apples, pears, and mango (with a high amount of fructose) might be a better option.
• Avocado: Considered a superfood, avocado contains fiber and potassium, which are highly beneficial for gut health. It also has low levels of fructose, so causing gas is unlikely. However, be mindful of the portion sizes, as avocados are rich in fat.

Constipation causes, and how does a gastroenterologist treat it?

Constipation refers to the condition when a person faces difficulty in passing stool. It can cause pain, nausea, bloating, and other symptoms. Constipation can happen due to various reasons. It can occur if the stool passes through the colon too slowly or if there is a large or small intestine blockage. A lack of a fibrous diet and physical inactivity may lead to constipation. Certain medications like diuretics, anticonvulsants, and antispasmodics can also lead to constipation. Dehydration, laxative overuse or abuse, and irritable bowel syndrome are also some causes of constipation.

When you visit a gastroenterologist near you, they will help diagnose your issues primarily through a physical examination. A physical checkup allows the doctor to look for abdominal swelling, pain, or tenderness. They also use other methods for diagnoses, like imaging tests and endoscopies. The doctor may also prescribe pathological tests like blood or urine tests.

The issues might escalate if you do not visit a gastrointestinal tract specialist upon facing discomfort. A severe bout of constipation might lead to some serious problems and symptoms. Some possible complications that arise due to constipation are hemorrhoids or piles, bowel incontinence (incontinence refers to an inability to control bowel movements), fecal impaction (this is a mechanical obstruction that occurs when dried stool stops moving and collects in the rectum and anus).

However, you can resolve constipation without rushing to a GI specialist near you. It can be treated through medical treatments and natural remedies if the condition is not severe. Some ways to treat constipation are:

• Dietary fiber: Fiber helps promote bowel movements. An average adult should consume 25 to 31 grams of fiber each day.
• Laxatives: Laxatives are a medicine type used to treat constipation. They help draw water to the colon, cause rhythmic contractions of intestinal muscles, or make your body absorb more water, prompting better bowel movements. 
• Hydration: Drinking plenty of fluids helps with easier bowel movements. We must also decrease our caffeine and alcohol intake, as they cause dehydration. 

Choosing the best gastroenterologist near you in Boston

Conditions affecting the GI tract are common, so diagnosing and treating them on time is essential. The Zocdoc website has your back when choosing the best gastroenterologist or GI specialist near you.

Zocdoc allows you to filter gastroenterologists based on your location and symptoms. For example, if you live in Boston and have recently observed blood in your stool, type "Boston" and "blood in stools" into the search boxes. Zocdoc will immediately list the best gastroenterologists practicing in your area. To help you make an informed choice, Zocdoc also contains a profile page for all the doctors detailing their training, fellowships, certifications, awards, and verified patient reviews.

To help you make a choice that is best suited for you economically, Zocdoc also lists the insurance providers that every doctor accepts. By typing in your insurance on a doctor's page, you can immediately verify if the doctor is in-network. Are you worried about the security of your insurance information? Do not. Zocdoc follows the best industry practices and prioritizes its protection. Click here to learn more about how we handle your data and privacy. In case of any insurance-related trouble, feel free to check out Zocdoc's patient help center.

All bookings on Zocdoc are simple, secure, and free!

Hepatitis statistics in Massachusetts

Hepatitis C is a common viral infection that can cause liver inflammation and severe liver damage if not treated promptly. According to the 2017 Massachusetts State Health Assessment, at least 20,000 cases of Hepatitis C have been reported in people between 15 and 29 years of age since 2007. The number of people detected with Hepatitis C increased from 1,901 to 2,625 between 2007 and 2015, a 35% increase.

Sources

American College of Gastroenterology

WebMD[1]

WebMD[2]

Healthline

Medical News Today[1]

Johns Hopkins Medicine[1]

Johns Hopkins Medicine[2]

2017 Massachusetts State Health Assessment

Mayo Clinic

Medical News Today[2]

The content herein is provided for general informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Medical information changes constantly, and therefore the content on this website should not be assumed to be current, complete or exhaustive. Always seek the advice of your doctor before starting or changing treatment. If you think you may have a medical emergency, please call your doctor or 9-1-1 immediately.