Who is a pulmonologist?
A pulmonologist is a specialist in respiratory diseases. Lung specialists, lung doctors, or chest doctors are their common names. They diagnose and treat conditions occurring in the windpipe to the lungs. They provide treatments that combine prescription medications, medical devices, and dietary changes. They may work in hospitals, offices, or intensive care units.
What is the education and training of a pulmonologist?
A pulmonologist's education depends on whether they enter a combined critical care and pulmonology program. After earning their bachelor's degree, candidates must pass the Medical College Admissions Test (MCAT) to be admitted to medical school. Medical school lasts, on average, four years for students. Upon completion, they get a degree designated as either a Doctor of Medicine (MD) or an Osteopathic Medicine (DO).
They then need to obtain a medical license in the state to practice. Graduates with a DO degree take the Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Licensing Examination (COMLEX), and those with an MD degree take the United States Medical Licensing Exam (USMLE). Afterward, they enroll in a three-year residency program in internal medicine.
Following that, they complete a two-year fellowship in pulmonary disease. It includes at least twelve months of clinical training. They then take a pulmonary board exam to become board-certified by the American Board of Internal Medicine. Some pulmonologists also complete a three-year fellowship in critical care and pulmonary disease to become board-certified. It includes at least eighteen months of clinical training — six months each on pulmonary medicine, critical care, and combined care. The American Board of Internal Medicine also provides them certification for critical care.
Different pulmonology specialties
Pulmonology has several subspecialties, each focusing on specific lung and respiratory system conditions. Experts in this field may specialize in one of the following areas:
- Interstitial lung disease: This category includes conditions that affect the spaces and tissues within the lungs.
- Interventional pulmonology: A multidisciplinary approach to treating airway disorders, lung cancer, and pleural diseases (conditions affecting the lung's surrounding membrane).
- Lung transplantation: Involves the management of patients before and after lung transplant surgery.
- Neuromuscular disorders: Focuses on conditions that lead to respiratory muscle failure.
- Obstructive lung disease: Covers issues related to airway narrowing or obstruction.
- Sleep-disordered breathing: Addresses respiratory problems that occur during sleep, such as sleep apnea.
If you're seeking specific care for your condition, a pulmonologist near you with a relevant subspecialty can provide targeted treatment.
Reasons to see a pulmonologist
If you're experiencing respiratory issues or have concerns about your lung health, it's essential to seek the expertise of a pulmonologist. Here are several reasons why you might want to visit a lung doctor near you:
- Asthma: This is a chronic inflammatory lung disease affecting individuals of all ages, especially children. Asthma causes reactive airways, causing narrowing, tightening, and inflammation in response to triggers like pet dander, pollen, cigarette smoke, and physical activity. Wheezing, shortness of breath, coughing, and chest tightness are some symptoms of an asthma attack. A pulmonologist can provide long-term control medicines to manage the disease and quick-relief medications to treat flare-ups effectively.
- COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease): COPD encompasses chronic bronchitis and emphysema, primarily impacting heavy smokers. This progressive disease leads to breathing difficulties due to chronic lung and airway changes. Symptoms of COPD include chest tightness, shortness of breath, wheezing, and a chronic cough with excessive mucus production. Quitting smoking is crucial in managing COPD, and medications can help control symptoms. In some cases, supplemental oxygen may be necessary for daily activities or during sleep.
- Cystic fibrosis: This is a genetic disease affecting the body's secretory glands, which are responsible for producing mucus or sweat. Thick, sticky mucus in the respiratory tract leads to symptoms like frequent coughing with thick mucus, and recurrent respiratory infections can cause lung damage over time. As lung disease can become severe and life-threatening, a pulmonologist's expertise is essential in treating cystic fibrosis.
- Lung cancer: As the third most common cancer in both men and women, lung cancer's primary risk factor is smoking, contributing to 90% of cases. Lung cancer tumors can grow without causing pain, and symptoms often appear when the disease advances. These symptoms may include an unrelenting cough, chest pain exacerbated by deep breathing or laughing, coughing up blood, hoarseness, and shortness of breath. Pulmonologists and oncologists collaborate to manage lung symptoms during and after cancer treatment.
- Lung infections: While primary care doctors can handle simple infections like bronchitis, complex lung infections like tuberculosis and pneumonia often require a pulmonologist's expertise. A pulmonologist's intervention may be necessary if bronchitis becomes challenging to treat or occur alongside chronic conditions like COPD or heart disease.
- Pulmonary embolism (PE): PE occurs when a blood clot blocks an artery in the lung. This clot usually forms in a leg vein and then travels to the lungs, causing symptoms like trouble breathing, chest pain, shortness of breath, and coughing with blood. Immediate emergency treatment is vital as PE can be fatal. Pulmonologists can assess and manage breathing issues following PE and may recommend continued medications and treatments for several months.
- Sleep apnea: This is a prevalent sleep condition that results in frequent breathing pauses during the night that lower blood oxygen levels. While many people with sleep apnea may not be aware of their condition, it can have profound health implications. Doctors might recommend particular mouthpieces, breathing devices, or surgery to manage sleep apnea. Diagnosis involves thoroughly evaluating symptoms, a physical exam, and possibly a sleep assessment.
What procedures does a pulmonologist perform?
A pulmonologist uses various tools and methods to identify and treat respiratory diseases. Some specialists use these processes for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Following are some of the procedures performed by them:
- Cardiopulmonary exercise testing: This provides a breath-by-breath analysis of heart function and respiratory gas exchange during exercise.
- Bronchoscopy: This enables a pulmonologist to examine the airways and lungs. It helps obtain tissue or mucus samples, remove blockages or foreign bodies from the lungs or airways, and treat lung problems.
- Pleural biopsy: This is a procedure in which the doctor inserts a needle to take a small piece of the pleura. The membranes that cover the lungs in two layers form the pleura.
- Pulmonary function tests: This measures gas exchange, lung volume, airflow, and respiratory muscle function. This non-invasive test reveals how effectively the lungs are functioning.
- Chest physiotherapy: This involves different mechanical techniques to loosen clear airways and mucus in people with cystic fibrosis.
- Oxygen therapy: This helps those with breathing issues by giving them extra oxygen.
What to expect when visiting a pulmonologist?
When visiting a pulmonologist near you for the first time, the appointment typically will involve a thorough review of your medical history and a physical examination. Discuss your symptoms and provide details about your health at this stage. To make the most of your visit, consider preparing notes on these points:
- How long have you been experiencing symptoms?
- Have you noticed any triggers, such as respiratory illnesses, stress, or seasonal changes?
- Have you marked any factor that improves or worsens your symptoms?
- Whether you currently smoke or vape, or if you have in the past.
- Are you exposed to allergens or lung irritants from your job, hobbies, or living conditions, such as passive smoking, chemicals, or animals?
- Family history of respiratory conditions.
- Are there any specific questions you'd like to ask the pulmonologist?
Before your appointment ends, the pulmonologist may:
- Order tests to better understand your condition.
- Schedule a follow-up visit to monitor progress or discuss test results.
- Recommend or prescribe treatments tailored to your needs.
- Provide referrals to other specialists, if necessary.
Being prepared and open during your first visit will help the pulmonologist near you provide the best care for your respiratory health.
What role do pulmonologists play in the treatment of lung cancer?
Pulmonologists are adept at lung cancer treatment and play an essential role in treating other cancers that may have spread to the lungs, such as ovarian, breast, and kidney cancer. To understand the process of lung cancer treatment, one should know the two types of lung cancer. Depending on how these cells appear under a microscope, researchers categorize lung cancer into two groups: small and non-small cells.
Next, pulmonologists further examine the cancer's staging to identify the type of treatment required. Staging is the process of determining the extent to which the cancer has spread to the lungs and other parts of the body.
Treatment options for lung cancer differ depending on its type and stage, allowing for diverse approaches to management. Pulmonologists may decide to incorporate radiation therapy, targeted therapy, surgery, or chemotherapy. They may choose to use a combination of these treatments in patients diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer.
Additionally, they may collaborate with other specialists to devise a treatment plan most suitable for the condition. These specialists may include thoracic surgeons specializing in heart, lung, and chest surgery, radiation oncologists, surgeons, or medical oncologists.
Lastly, as any doctor would suggest, getting a screening done early is always better than receiving the most effective lung cancer treatment. You can consult a pulmonologist near you to understand the frequency of these screenings and the treatment course ahead.
What is pneumothorax, and how do pulmonologists diagnose it?
Pneumothorax, commonly called a collapsed lung, poses significant risks and can be particularly concerning for pulmonologists.
Typically, the lungs are snug against the chest wall within the pleural space. Pneumothorax occurs when air infiltrates this space, exerting pressure on the lung and causing it to collapse partially or entirely. This collapse can also impact nearby organs like the heart, exacerbating symptoms.
The symptoms of pneumothorax can vary in intensity and may initially be subtle, potentially leading to confusion with other conditions. These symptoms include chest pain (often more pronounced on one side), shortness of breath, sharp pain during inhalation, escalating chest pressure, skin or lip discoloration, elevated heart rate, rapid breathing, confusion, dizziness, or loss of consciousness.
Diagnosing pneumothorax can be intricate due to its diverse manifestations and origins. In non-emergency scenarios, pulmonologists typically conduct physical examinations, assessing for abnormal chest sounds and listening to breathing patterns. They also delve into the patient's medical history, including smoking habits and familial lung disorders.
Imaging plays a pivotal role in diagnosis. X-rays provide initial insights into lung collapse, with technicians capturing images while the patient inhales profoundly and holds their breath. The extent of pneumothorax is often gauged by measuring the space between the lung and chest wall. CT scans offer more detailed views, especially in trauma cases, aiding in precise treatment planning. Ultrasound can be a rapid assessment tool, handy for blunt trauma cases, offering enhanced sensitivity compared to X-rays.
In cases of severe tension pneumothorax, prompt intervention is imperative to avert irreversible harm or fatality, given the unmistakable signs of lung collapse. Pulmonologists are critical in promptly identifying and managing pneumothorax to ensure optimal patient outcomes.
How do you keep the lungs healthy?
Your body has an in-built defense mechanism to keep bacteria and dust out of your lungs. However, you can perform several preventive steps to keep your lungs healthy and reduce lung disease risk.
Smoking increases the risk of lung cancer. Thousands of chemicals enter the lungs, including tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide. These toxins harm the lungs and increase mucus, making it more difficult for the lungs to clean themselves. Furthermore, it irritates and inflames tissues. No matter the age or how long you have smoked, quitting and avoiding smoking can help.
You can engage in regular exercise. Even if you eventually acquire lung illness, it helps reduce the disease's progression and keeps you active longer. The best workout for the lungs is an aerobic activity. The muscles between ribs expand and contract and the air sacs inside the lungs work quickly to exchange oxygen for carbon dioxide.
Exposure to air pollutants can damage the lungs and accelerate aging. At a young age, the lungs can easily resist toxins. However, they lose some resistance with age and become more susceptible to infections and disease. Avoid going outside during times of high air pollution. Additionally, exercise away from heavy traffic.
Lung infections can be extremely harmful. The most effective strategy to prevent them is to keep hands clean. Always wash your hands with warm water and soap at short intervals, and keep them away from the face. Eat many vegetables and fruits because these foods include elements that support a healthy immune system. Also, drink sufficient water.
How to find the best pulmonologists near you in Marietta, GA?
You need your lungs to breathe and the blood to carry oxygen to all other cells and organs. Additionally, the lungs are in charge of expelling carbon dioxide and other bodily poisons. Being aware of lung health and visiting pulmonologists will be beneficial. It may keep you breathing comfortably and freely while lowering your chance of developing lung diseases.
However, finding the best lung doctor in Marietta may be challenging, delaying the visit. In all aspects of healthcare, including pulmonary care, Zocdoc's mission has been to enhance the patient experience.
The Zocdoc website's search bar allows you to enter your condition, preferred location and date, and insurance plan. Based on your search criteria, a comprehensive list of providers will appear. Use the Zocdoc insurance detector if you need clarification on your insurance plan. Furthermore, you can utilize filters to focus on providers based on their gender, language, hospital affiliations, and whether they provide children's treatment.
If your insurance plan isn't listed on Zocdoc, you can upload a photo of your medical insurance card. Zocdoc will scan the image to identify your likely plan. However, this feature is not available for vision or dental insurance. If you encounter any issues uploading your card or have insurance-related concerns, visit Zocdoc's patient help center.
Each provider on Zocdoc has a profile, including information about their training, experience, frequent reasons for visits, specialty, certifications, and licenses, among other details. Zocdoc also gathers and updates verified patient ratings and reviews to help you choose the top-rated pulmonologist in your area.
Zocdoc allows you to book both in-person and online appointments. Look for the purple video button on the doctor's profile to book virtual consultations. All appointments with Zocdoc are quick, free, and secure.
Lung cancer statistics in the USA
Pulmonologists can treat asthma, lung cancer, and tuberculosis. The American Lung Association reported approximately 61.8% of new lung cancer cases in 2021. The American Cancer Society estimated almost 6,810 new lung cancer cases and nearly 3,680 deaths in Georgia in 2025.
According to the 2023 America's Health Rankings Annual Report, nearly 9.6% of Georgia adults had asthma in 2022. Of these, about 6.2% were male, and almost 12.7% were female. The 2020 Georgia Data Summary by the Georgia Department of Public Health reports that in 2018, the prevalence of asthma in Georgia adults was approximately 8.9%.
The Georgia Tuberculosis Surveillance 2020 Report by the Georgia Department of Public Health shows around 221 tuberculosis cases in 2020, representing a nearly 25.8% decrease from 298 cases in 2019.
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