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What does a cardiologist do?

A cardiologist is an expert in performing the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases impacting the heart and blood vessels. These include high cholesterol, high blood pressure, heart infection, heart muscle disease, heart valve disease, congenital heart conditions, and heart rhythm disorders. 

Heart doctors also help patients manage blood vessel diseases such as atherosclerosis, peripheral artery disease, subclavian artery disease, renal artery disease, and coronary artery disease. If you do not address these issues timely, they can lead to severe life-threatening complications. Following are some emergency conditions requiring immediate care and a cardiologist's attention.

• Heart failure - It occurs when the heart does not pump blood adequately, causing shortness of breath, fatigue, swollen legs, and rapid heartbeat.
• Heart attack - It manifests when the flow of blood to the heart gets blocked. Without blood and oxygen, the heart muscle will die. A few heart attack signs are tightness or chest, neck, back, or arm pain, fatigue, lightheadedness, irregular heartbeat, and anxiety.
• Stroke - It takes place when the supply of blood to the brain is blocked, resulting in difficulty walking, speaking, or talking, numb face, arms, or legs, dizziness, and severe headache. 
• Aneurysm - It is an abnormal ballooning or bulging of the artery wall. If it ruptures, internal bleeding, brain damage, stroke, or even death can occur. 
• Cardiac arrest - It is characterized by a sudden loss of heart function, breathing, and consciousness.

Types of cardiologists

Within the cardiology field, there are various subspecialties, each focusing on specific areas of cardiovascular health. These subspecialties are as follows:

• Clinical cardiologists - They are experts in diagnosing, confirming, and managing heart diseases. Patients who experience symptoms such as angina, abnormal heart rhythm, or a heart attack rely on clinical cardiologists for specialized care. These specialists actively collaborate with other physicians and surgeons to ensure a comprehensive approach to patient care.
• Interventional cardiologists - They specialize in performing minimally invasive procedures without surgery for conditions like valve disease, coronary artery disease, and peripheral artery disease. Operating within the cardiac catheterization laboratory, these heart doctors utilize innovative techniques to restore and enhance cardiovascular function.
• Electrophysiologists - They step in when patients encounter rapid, slow, or irregular heart rhythms. Using catheter ablations, they correct abnormal rhythms and fix electrical devices such as pacemakers and cardioverter-defibrillators. Their active management of heart rhythm contributes to maintaining optimal cardiac function.
• Cardiac imaging - These specialists heavily rely on advanced imaging technologies to accurately diagnose heart diseases. Through stress tests with imaging, echocardiography, and cardiac MRI and CT scans, these specialists evaluate the structure and function of the heart. They also employ image-guided therapies to administer targeted treatments, ensuring effective care for patients.
• Heart failure specialists - Experts in heart failure possess extensive experience and expertise in managing the complexities of this condition. Their primary focus lies in symptom management and delaying disease progression. When symptoms become severe, they offer counseling on advanced treatments like left ventricular assist devices or heart transplantation.
• Congenital heart specialists - They specialize in the diagnosis and management of heart abnormalities present from birth. These conditions may manifest early in life or go unnoticed until adulthood. Whether pediatric or adult cardiologists, these specialists possess the knowledge and skills to address congenital heart diseases throughout a patient's lifespan.
• Cardio-oncologists - Cardio-oncology emerged as a specialized field to address heart disease in patients undergoing cancer treatment. Specific chemotherapy agents and radiation therapies pose risks to the heart. Involving cardio-oncologists in the care of patients receiving cardiotoxic chemotherapy or chest radiation helps minimize cardiac complications while optimizing cancer treatment outcomes.
• Preventive cardiologists - They focus on individuals with a history of heart disease or stroke at a young age, significant family history of cardiovascular disease, or prominent risk factors. These specialists evaluate individual risk profiles and develop personalized plans to reduce the chances of heart disease. By emphasizing preventive measures and lifestyle modifications, they empower patients to safeguard their cardiovascular health proactively.
• Cardiac rehabilitation - These specialists assist patients throughout their recovery journey following heart attacks, heart surgery, interventional procedures, or heart failure diagnosis. These experts design and monitor tailored exercise and nutrition programs, providing supervised guidance to help patients regain optimal functioning and improve their overall well-being.
• Cardiac surgeons - They perform intricate surgical procedures that surpass the capabilities of catheter-based techniques. From coronary artery bypass grafting to aortic surgery, valve replacements, repairs, and even heart transplants, these skilled surgeons address complex cardiac conditions, ensuring the best possible outcomes for their patients.

Common diagnostic procedures performed by cardiologists 

Cardiologists play an important role in diagnosing and managing heart health by utilizing various advanced procedures to examine the heart's structure, function, and electrical activity. Familiarizing yourself with these diagnostic techniques before consulting a cardiologist near you can help you better understand how they may assist you.

• Biventricular pacing: Also called cardiac resynchronization therapy, this procedure uses a pacemaker to coordinate the contractions of the left and right ventricles, improving the heart's pumping efficiency.
• Carotid artery ultrasound: This non-invasive imaging technique uses an ultrasound probe to evaluate the structure and functionality of the carotid arteries, which carry blood from the heart to the brain.
• Dobutamine nuclear imaging: Designed for individuals unable to exercise, this test involves administering dobutamine, a drug that stimulates the heart, along with a nuclear imaging agent. Together, they generate images of the heart to identify blockages or diseases affecting blood flow.
• Pacemaker implantation: For those with irregular heart rhythms, a pacemaker—a small, battery-powered device—is implanted under the skin and connected to the heart. It regulates the heart's rhythm and ensures a consistent heart rate.
• Rotational atherectomy: This technique employs a rotating blade to clear blockages in narrowed arteries, restoring proper blood flow. To maintain the artery's openness and prevent future narrowing, a stent—a small mesh tube—is inserted.
• Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA): PTCA is a minimally invasive procedure to unblock coronary arteries. A small balloon inflates inside the artery to widen it, and a stent, often coated with medication to prevent re-narrowing, is placed to keep the vessel open.
• Electrocardiogram (ECG): An ECG measures the heart's electrical activity, displaying patterns that reflect its rhythm and rate. For prolonged monitoring, a Holter monitor can record heart activity over 24 hours, helping to detect irregularities that may not appear during a brief examination.
• Echocardiogram: This imaging test uses high-frequency sound waves to create detailed pictures of the heart. It is particularly useful for identifying conditions related to leaky or narrowed heart valves, such as valve regurgitation or stenosis.
• Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR): Using MRI, this test produces detailed images of the heart's anatomy and function. It is especially helpful for diagnosing specific heart conditions, including cardiomyopathies and diseases affecting the pericardium (the heart's outer lining)

By understanding these procedures, you can gain valuable insight into how cardiologists assess and treat various heart conditions.

Types of heart diseases treated by cardiologists

Various forms of heart disease affect the heart in different ways. While a healthy lifestyle can prevent most of these conditions from developing, seeking immediate medical care is advisable if any symptoms manifest. 

The different types include the following:

• Heart disease caused by blood vessels - Also known as coronary artery disease, it is a heart condition that affects the blood vessels supplying blood to the heart muscle. It reduces the blood flow to the heart and other areas of the body and can also lead to a stroke, chest pain, or a heart attack. While men and women experience different symptoms, it is relatively common and caused by cholesterol deposits in the arteries.
• Heart disease caused by irregular heartbeats - It is also known as a heart arrhythmia, which occurs due to the heart beating too slowly, too quickly, or irregularly. Slow heartbeats are known as bradycardia, and racing heartbeats are known as tachycardia. Some of the symptoms of these conditions include lightheadedness, fluttering in the chest, dizziness, and fainting.
• Heart disease caused by congenital heart defects - Cardiologists can detect congenital heart defects shortly after birth. These defects may be either mild or severe but are not immediately life-threatening. However, mild defects may sometimes go unnoticed until late into childhood or adulthood. In such cases, children may experience symptoms like pale blue or gray skin or lips or quickly getting tired after physical activities. They may also experience swelling in the belly area, legs, or around the eyes, warranting a visit to the doctor.
• Heart disease caused by diseased heart muscles - Also known as cardiomyopathy, it is a condition that can worsen over time. Hence, visiting a cardiologist near you is crucial. Early stages have noticeable symptoms like swollen legs, ankles, or feet, irregular heartbeats, shortness of breath, fatigue, or lightheadedness, which should be taken seriously.
• Heart disease caused by heart valve problems - Also known as valvular heart disease, it can affect four valves of the heart – the pulmonary, tricuspid, mitral, and aortic valves. These are crucial in opening and closing the heart to allow blood to go through it. Heart valves can close improperly (prolapse), leaky (insufficiency or regurgitation), or narrowed (stenosis), leading to symptoms like shortness of breath, fatigue, fainting, or chest pain. Heart valves can also get infected due to various reasons, resulting in a condition called endocarditis.

Symptoms of heart disease you should not ignore

One of the ways to protect yourself from heart disease and its complications is by learning about the signs and risks of heart disease. The following are some symptoms of heart disease. If you are experiencing any of the following, consider visiting a cardiologist near you. 

• Chest pain, tightness, pressure, or discomfort 
• Shortness of breath
• Pain in upper body parts such as the neck, jaw, throat, upper abdomen, or back
• Pain, numbness, or swelling in your legs, feet, or arms
• Heart palpitations, irregular heartbeat (fast, slow, pounding, skipped) 
• Dizziness
• Fainting 
• Lightheadedness
• Fatigue 

What are some of the risk factors for heart disease? 

Your gender, age, and heredity can increase your risk of developing heart disease. Men are more prone to heart disease compared to women. The heart's functioning starts to decline with age. Hence, men above 45 and women above 55 become susceptible to heart problems. The third uncontrollable risk factor includes having a strong family history of heart disease.

The way you live also impacts your heart health. Regular tobacco use, excessive alcohol drinking, lack of exercise, stress, and poor diet and eating habits are signs of an unhealthy lifestyle. If you live such a lifestyle, you may suffer from various other diseases, such as high cholesterol, diabetes, obesity, and high blood pressure, increasing your risk for heart disease. However, you can prevent yourself from heart disease if you control these factors through regular screenings, medications, and a healthy lifestyle.

What to expect at a cardiologist appointment?

Your primary care provider may recommend you to see a cardiologist near you if they suspect heart or blood vessel disease. It may seem daunting to consult a cardiologist, but knowing what to expect during your appointment can help. The cardiologist will start by understanding your symptoms, medical history, and family history of heart disease. They may also want to learn about your lifestyle habits. You can expect questions about your work schedule, sleep patterns, diet and eating habits, and smoking and alcohol consumption. 

Then, the cardiologist will perform a physical exam to determine the heartbeat count, patterns, and rhythm. They may also order some of the following tests to diagnose your heart health further: 

• Blood tests
• Urinalysis
• Stress test (on the treadmill)
• Non-stress test (sitting in a chair)
• Nuclear stress test or echo stress test
• Echocardiogram
• Electrocardiogram 
• CT, PET, or MRI scans
• Coronary angiogram

You will need a follow-up appointment if your cardiologist asks for these tests. They will interpret and explain the results to you. After that, they will prepare a treatment plan depending on the type of heart damage. Generally, it is a combination of medications and lifestyle changes such as consuming a low-fat, low-salt diet, exercising and maintaining a healthy weight, getting a good night's sleep, and quitting smoking and drinking. 

Some conditions may need heart surgery or other procedures. In this case, the cardiologist will refer to a heart surgeon or an interventional cardiologist. Feeling anxious about your health is typical when diagnosed with heart disease. Make sure to discuss all your concerns and doubts with the cardiologist before you leave their office. 

Find the best heart doctors near you in White Plains, NY

A healthy heart assures good overall health. It pumps nutrient and oxygen-rich blood throughout the body, removing toxins and waste. So, when the heart stops functioning optimally, it can cause severe problems in the body. Heart patients experience various physical and emotional issues that can limit their daily functioning. In short, the quality of life reduces significantly. 

You can avoid such a situation with early intervention by visiting a cardiologist near you. If you have heart disease symptoms or risks and need to consult a cardiologist, Zocdoc can help you find the best one in your location. White Plains, New York, residents can add their location in the search box along with the specialty and date of appointment details. Additionally, insurance holders can add their insurance details to find in-network providers. If you prefer not to share your insurance details with a provider, Zocdoc offers flexibility. During the booking process, you can choose to provide your insurance information or indicate that you will pay out-of-pocket. While some providers require insurance details to schedule appointments, you can easily search for other providers on Zocdoc who accommodate your preferences. This ensures you have access to care that aligns with your needs and circumstances. For any insurance-related questions, refer to the Zocdoc patient help center.

Finding a cardiologist from the extensive list may seem like a task, but filters provided by Zocdoc make your search easier. You can provide specifics—your symptoms, time of consultation, gender and language of the expert, and hospital affiliations. If your condition stops you from traveling, you can search for a cardiologist in the video visits tab to book an online consultation. 

You can also visit individual profile pages to learn more about cardiologists. Going through information such as their educational background, office location, hospital affiliations, and professional memberships can help you make an informed decision. Reading patient reviews will give you personal insights about the cardiologist. If you run into any issues during the process, you can reach out to the Zocdoc service team. 

Once your search is complete and you have found an appropriate cardiologist, you can book your consultation immediately. Booking with Zocdoc is easy, secure, and 100% free.

Vital heart disease statistics in New York State

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention released a report on heart disease mortality by the state in 2022. It indicated that there were around 159.2 heart disease-related deaths per 100,000 people in New York, which resulted in around 43,237 deaths in 2022, making heart disease the leading cause of death in New York. New York ranked thirteen for the most heart-related deaths compared to other states. 

Based on the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) 2020 report by the New York State Department of Health, nearly 7.3% or about 1.1 million adult New Yorkers suffered from a heart attack, angina, coronary heart disease (CHD), or stroke in the year. More men (about 7.7-9.4%) reported cardiovascular disease than women (almost 5.4-6.8%). 

The report also observed that diabetes, high blood pressure, and obesity were the most prevalent risk factors for cardiovascular disease. About 17.9% of heart patients had diabetes, roughly 14.1% had high blood pressure, and around 7.3% were obese. Among those who suffered from a stroke, nearly 6.9% were hypertensive, approximately 6.5% diabetics, and about 3.3% obese.

Sources 

WebMD

Mayo Clinic 

Cleveland Clinic

MedicineNet 

Cardiovascular Institute of the South

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

New York State Department of Health

News Medical

The content herein is provided for general informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Medical information changes constantly, and therefore the content on this website should not be assumed to be current, complete or exhaustive. Always seek the advice of your doctor before starting or changing treatment. If you think you may have a medical emergency, please call your doctor or 9-1-1 immediately.