Who is an internist?
An internist is a medical professional specializing in the body's internal organs and systems. They can provide preventive care and treatment to adults. They receive comprehensive and intensive training in all aspects of adult medical care. They diagnose and treat infections, acute and chronic diseases, and minor injuries. Hospitals, centers for hospice care, or rehabilitation facilities are some care settings where they work.
What is the education and training of an internist?
An internist first receives a four-year undergraduate degree. Then, they enroll in medical school for four years. There, they study phlebotomy, cardiology, pathology, ethics, biochemistry, pediatrics, oncology, neurology, gynecology, and radiology.Â
Following medical school, they complete a three-year residency in internal medicine. During the residency, they work with patients. They get hands-on clinical training in treating their patients' emotional, physical, and mental health. After that, they complete a fellowship in a subspecialty. Finally, they pass an exam to become certified by the American Board of Internal Medicine.Â
What are the subspecialties of internal medicine?
Internists choose to get training and experience in specific areas of internal medicine. American Board of Internal Medicine certifies the following five subspecialties:
- Cardiovascular disease — deals with disorders of the blood vessels and heart.Â
- Endocrinology focuses on the treatment of disorders and diseases of the endocrine glands, including diabetes, thyroid gland disease, and other hormone conditions.
- Hematology — concentrates on disorders and diseases of the blood, spleen, lymph, and spleen.Â
- Gastroenterology — focuses on digestive system diseases ( small and large intestine, esophagus, stomach, liver, and pancreas).
- Nephrology — concentrates on the health needs of people with kidney disorders and diseases.Â
- Oncology — deals with diagnosing and treating all types of cancer.
- Rheumatology — focuses on bones, joints, tendons, and muscle diseases.
- Pulmonary disease — concentrates on treating conditions related to the lungs and airways.
The American Board of Internal Medicine also collaborates with other specialty boards to certify the following five subspecialties:Â
- Adolescent medicine focuses on adolescents' and young adults' mental, physical, and emotional health.Â
- Allergy and immunology deals with the disorders of the immune system, such as asthma and allergies.Â
- Critical care medicine concentrates on supportive and medical care for critically injured or ill patients.
- Geriatric medicine focuses primarily on conditions specific to elderly patients.Â
- Hospice and palliative medicine optimize patients' quality of life from life-limiting illnesses.
Conditions treated by internists
Internists specialize in diagnosing, treating, and managing many acute and chronic medical conditions. Some of the acute illnesses they can handle are:
- Flu
- Common cold
- Bronchitis
- Strep throat
- Pneumonia
Meanwhile, the chronic conditions that come under their purview include:Â
- Arthritis and other rheumatologic diseases
- Blood disorders such as anemia and hemophilia
- Cardiovascular diseases, like coronary artery disease
- DiabetesÂ
- Digestive disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease, ulcers, and gastritis
- Hypertension
- Immunologic disorders like allergies and asthma
- Infectious diseases, namely hepatitis, tuberculosis, and HIV
Additionally, internists can address kidney problems, including chronic kidney disease and kidney failure, and neurological conditions such as migraines and multiple sclerosis. Their scope of practice further includes pulmonary diseases like lung cancer, thyroid conditions, and other endocrine system dysfunctions.
Procedures performed by internists
Internists, or internal medicine doctors, offer preventive healthcare services, like:Â
- Administering adult vaccines for diphtheria and tetanus, influenza, hepatitis A and B, HPV, pneumococcal infections, shingles, and whooping cough
- Providing therapeutic injections for pain management, such as trigger point injections and cortisone shots
- Performing various diagnostic procedures and health screenings, such as measuring blood pressure and cholesterol levels
- Providing nutritional counseling
- Conducting wellness checkups
- Executing colorectal and gynecological cancer screenings, hormone tests, mammograms
- Carrying out preoperative evaluations (to ensure the patient isn't suffering from any condition that might contraindicate the surgery)
Moreover, internists are skilled in performing minor office procedures. These include removing foreign bodies from the eyes and skin, draining abscesses, repairing lacerations, excising skin lesions, providing care for simple fractures, and conducting skin biopsies.
Reasons to visit an internist
Internists provide comprehensive medical care for adults, addressing a wide range of health concerns. Here are some key reasons why you might consult an internist near you:
Chronic disease management
Chronic illnesses require ongoing monitoring to prevent complications. Internists manage conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, and arthritis, helping patients maintain stability and avoid worsening symptoms. Through routine checkups, medication adjustments, and lifestyle recommendations, they play a vital role in long-term health.
Preventive care
Internists focus on prevention by detecting potential health issues early. Preventive care includes:
- Annual physical exams to evaluate overall health and organ function.
- Vaccinations to protect against illnesses such as flu, pneumonia, and shingles.
- Routine lab tests for conditions like diabetes, high cholesterol, infections, and pregnancy.
- Screenings for cancers, including breast, colon, and prostate cancer, based on risk factors and age.
By taking these steps, internists help patients prevent diseases or detect them early when they are comparatively easier to treat.
Mental health support
Some internists, particularly those specializing in psychiatry, diagnose and treat mental health conditions like depression, bipolar disorder, ADHD, and dementia. They also assist with managing substance abuse disorders and can provide therapy or medication as needed.
Allergy and infection treatment
Internists diagnose and manage infections, from minor illnesses to more severe conditions. Those with specialized training in infectious diseases handle complex cases and help diagnose unknown infections.Â
Pain management
Pain can result from multiple causes, including injuries, infections, or chronic conditions like arthritis. Internists assess the source of pain, recommend treatments, and, when necessary, refer patients to pain specialists. Whether addressing acute or long-term discomfort, they provide solutions tailored to the patient's condition.
Internists offer broad medical expertise and can manage most health issues. When specialized care is required, they ensure patients receive appropriate referrals to the right specialists.
Internist vs. family physicianÂ
Generally, people need clarification from a family physician and an internist. Both serve as primary care physicians who provide overall health management, but there is a distinct difference.Â
Their patient demographics distinguish them, as internists focus exclusively on adults, while family physicians see people of all ages—children and adults. Internists specialize in primary care screening and treating common adult illnesses, such as diabetes and hypertension, as well as complex combinations of conditions. Family physicians have extensive training that equips them to deal with varying health problems for the entire family, focusing on wellness, disease prevention, and chronic disease management.Â
How to prepare for your first appointment with an internist near you?
Preparing for your appointment can help you make the most of it. Your internist will need important information from you to make the proper diagnosis. Your medical issues are foremost. Therefore, please list your symptoms, problems, and related queries. Â
Secondly, keep a copy of medication history, surgery details, preventive measures, and alternative treatments. Also, prepare a list of all the current medicines and supplements and their dosage. If you have any reactions or side effects, note that too.
Finally, ask your family members about your family's medical history. You can inquire whether they have diabetes, heart problems, or other concerning health conditions.
What to expect at an internist appointment?
Your appointment with an internist will depend on the reason for your visit. Your internist would want to know about your medical history. They will ask about your general health and symptoms.
Your internist wants a complete picture of your health so that they will give you a physical exam. This will include looking at your general appearance, such as your moves and posture. They may also pay attention to your heart to check for an irregular heartbeat, heart murmur, or other unusual sounds. They may also examine your ears, eyes, nose, throat, mouth, skin, and nails.
Your internist may order screening tests, such as bone density or lipid panel tests, for wellness checks. They may order simple urinalysis or imaging tests for specific problems.
How do internists help patients manage diabetes?
Internal medicine physicians, also known as internists, assist patients in managing their diabetes, one of the biggest health concerns in America. Experienced doctors who care about their patients help each one manage their specific condition to live a fuller, healthier life.
An internist can assist you in managing your diabetes by performing the following tasks:
- Monitoring your overall health: It's important to remember that diabetes is just one part of your health. Your internal medicine doctor will assess your physical, mental, and emotional well-being and create a unique care plan. They'll regularly check in to ensure the diabetes isn't affecting other areas of your body and suggest ways to get back on track if needed.
- Healthy diet plans: Maintaining a balanced diet is crucial for managing diabetes in individuals. During a consultation with an internist, they will inquire about your current eating habits and recommend a personalized diet plan that includes lean proteins, whole grains, vegetables, and fruits while excluding processed foods, soda, shellfish, and candy. Although it may initially seem challenging, sticking to this plan can alleviate symptoms and improve your overall health.
- Assisting with blood sugar management daily: Individuals who have diabetes need to keep a close eye on their blood sugar levels. An internal medicine doctor can help you track your blood sugar and advise you on daily management. This may involve pricking your finger and testing your blood several times daily. If you have an automatic insulin pump, you won't need to worry about dosing yourself with supplemental insulin.
- Keeping you well-informed about your body: It's crucial to have an internal medicine doctor who listens to and answers your questions, as only you know how your body feels.Â
How to find the best internist near you in Brooklyn, NY?
The best internists are proactive. They will offer you lifestyle modification advice and suggest points you can take to avoid future problems. On the other hand, finding one that meets your demands can take time and cause your visit to be delayed. Zocdoc aims to match patients with the best providers possible.
On Zocdoc, you can find the provider based on your symptoms, insurance plan, preferred location, and date. To find out about your insurance plan, upload a picture of the insurance card to your Zocdoc account, and we'll locate and show the details (this feature does not cover dental and vision policies). Additionally, visit Zocdoc's patient help center for insurance-related information and answers. You can also use filters to find doctors based on the hospital affiliations, language spoken, gender, and whether or not they treat children.Â
Every provider on Zocdoc has a profile. It includes their educational qualifications, training, experience, awards, specialties, certifications, and licenses, among other details. Zocdoc also collects and updates patient reviews and ratings regularly. You can check the ratings to find the top-rated internist near you.Â
On Zocdoc, you can schedule both virtual and in-person appointments. To book online appointments, look for a purple-colored video button on the provider's profile or filter for video availability.
Book appointments with an internal medicine doctor near you who accepts your insurance plan in real-time. All bookings with Zocdoc are 100% safe, simple, and secure!
Internist statistics in New York, USA
Internists can treat high blood pressure, asthma, diabetes, pneumonia, and arthritis. America's Health Rankings Annual Report shows that in 2021, around 30.5% of New York adults had high blood pressure. Nearly 28.5% of the adults were female, and 32.6% were male. The New York State Department of Health estimated almost 4.9 million people were diagnosed with high blood pressure in 2016. In 2017, approximately 2,699 New York people died due to hypertension, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Also, in 2017, nearly 4,176 New York people died from diabetes and pneumonia.Â
According to America's Health Rankings report, almost 10.3% of New York adults in 2022 had asthma, of which about 7.7% were male and 12.7% were female. Also, in 2022, around 11.3% of New York adults had diabetes, of which nearly 10.8% were female and almost 11.9% were male. Approximately 24.4% of New York adults had some form of arthritis in 2022. Nearly 7.6% of adults aged 18 to 44, 30.3% aged 45 to 64, and approximately 49.1% above 65 had some form of arthritis in 2022.
Sources
St. George's University School of Medicine
Johnson Memorial Health
WebMD Â
Cleveland Clinic Â
HealthgradesÂ
Learn.orgÂ
Medical University of the AmericasÂ
American Board of Medical SpecialtiesÂ
American College of PhysiciansÂ
Indus Medical AssociatesÂ
America's Health Rankings[1]
America's Health Rankings[2]Â
America's Health Rankings[3]Â
America's Health Rankings[4]
Centers for Disease Control and PreventionÂ
New York State Department of Health Â
Intercoastal Medical Group
