Who is a dentist?
Dentists are healthcare professionals who care for teeth and gums. They also treat the head, neck, jaw muscles, salivary glands, tongue, and nervous system of the head and neck. These tooth doctors conduct comprehensive examinations to check for abnormalities in the mouth and surrounding areas. They look for and treat any ulcerations, lumps, discolorations, and swellings.Â
Dentists can perform screening tests for oral cancer, salivary gland function, diagnostic tests for infections and chronic diseases, and biopsies. They can detect illnesses or conditions in other body parts, as the symptoms are often first visible in the mouth. Moreover, based on these findings, they can refer you to another specialist if needed.
What kind of education and training do dentists receive?
To become dentists, students must first complete an undergraduate program with subjects such as health, mathematics, chemistry, and biology. After this, they must enroll in a dental school where they study and train for four years. The first two years involve learning biomedical sciences in schools and laboratories. During the last two years, students receive hands-on training under the supervision of seasoned doctors and specialists. They learn to diagnose and treat oral illnesses and conditions in medical settings such as clinics and hospitals.
After dental school, students earn a Doctor of Dental Surgery (D.D.S.) or a Doctor of Dental Medicine (D.D.M.) degree. Those wishing to begin practicing as general dentists can then clear written and practical exams to get state licensure. They can also get board-certified by clearing the National Board Dental Examination.
What are the various specialties in dentistry?
Some dentists prefer to specialize in a specific area of dentistry by studying and training further after dental school. For this, they must complete a residency that can take one to three years, depending on the specialty chosen. Below are some of the dental specialties:
- Periodontics: Periodontists diagnose and treat gum disease and related problems affecting the tissues around the teeth.
- Pediatric dentistry: Pediatric dentistry, also known as pedodontics, is a specialty that specializes in diagnosing and treating oral conditions in children and adolescents.
- Endodontics: These are specialists in root canals. Although general dentists can perform root canals, they refer complicated cases to endodontists.
- Dental public health: This specialty focuses on preventing oral diseases in the community, and dental public health specialists design programs for this purpose.
- Prosthodontics: This specialty replaces damaged or missing teeth with natural-looking dental restorations, such as bridges, crowns, and dentures.
- Orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics: Orthodontists focus on realigning the bite when the upper teeth do not precisely align with the lower set. They use appliances such as clear aligners, braces, and retainers to straighten the teeth. A dentofacial orthopedist corrects dental and facial irregularities.
- Oral and maxillofacial pathology: Oral pathologists study the effects and causes of oral illnesses and are experts in diagnosing complicated cases.
- Oral and maxillofacial radiology: This specialty focuses on interpreting dental X-rays, CT (computed tomography) scans, and other dental imaging tests.
- Oral and maxillofacial surgery: These surgeons can perform procedures such as wisdom teeth removal. They provide surgical treatment for illnesses, defects, and injuries of the jaws, mouth, and face.
Importance of dental and oral health
As per Healthline, about 60% to 90% of school children have at least one dental cavity. Around 15% to 20% of adults in the 35 to 44 age group suffer from severe gum disease. Globally, about 30% of people in the 65 to 74 age group have lost all their natural teeth. The World Health Organization recognizes the significance of oral health in preventing chronic diseases that are caused due to poor dental hygiene.
In addition to leading to gum disease and dental cavities, bad oral sanitation may also trigger problems like diabetes, heart disease, and cancer. Maintaining dental hygiene by brushing and flossing with fluoride toothpaste, including fresh vegetables and fruits to the diet, limiting alcohol and tobacco, regular dental visits, and reducing sugar intake can help maintain healthy teeth, gums, and mouth. It also helps to prevent expensive dental procedures and other medical issues. Schedule a checkup with a dentist near you to proactively address and prevent potential health issues.
How does oral health impact your overall well-being?
The mouth harbors a diverse array of harmless germs, but it is the entry point for the digestive and respiratory systems. This connection means that the bacteria in the mouth can potentially lead to diseases throughout the body.
Effective oral bacteria management relies heavily on the body's defense mechanisms and proper dental care. Daily rituals like brushing and flossing are vital for maintaining oral hygiene and preventing an overgrowth of harmful germs, which can lead to tooth decay and gum disease.
Certain medications, including decongestants, antihistamines, pain relievers, diuretics, and some antidepressants, can decrease saliva production. Saliva is vital for dental health as it removes food crumbs and neutralizes harmful acids produced by bacteria, making its reduction a concern for disease prevention.
Research has established a connection between oral bacteria and severe gum disease periodontitis. This condition is associated with systemic health risks. For example, individuals with diabetes or HIV/AIDS might face heightened challenges in fighting infections, which can worsen oral health issues.
Oral health is critical because it can influence other severe health conditions. Endocarditis, an infection of the heart's inner lining, may occur when bacteria from the mouth enter the bloodstream. While relatively rare, it poses significant health risks. Additionally, there is growing evidence connecting poor oral health with cardiovascular diseases, such as heart disease and stroke, due to the inflammatory processes triggered by oral bacteria.
Good oral hygiene during pregnancy is vital, as untreated gum disease has been associated with premature births and low birth weight. Furthermore, specific oral bacteria can reach the lungs, potentially resulting in pneumonia and other respiratory ailments.
Good dental hygiene is vital for retaining healthy teeth and gums, ensuring overall well-being, and preventing health complications.
When and why should one see a dentist?
Many people think they should only visit a dentist when they have a problem with their teeth or gums. However, visiting a dentist every six months is essential for preventive care. Such visits can help one avoid most oral illnesses and conditions.
For instance, cavities are still the most prevalent chronic disease in children. They are preventable, yet millions of Americans do not visit a dentist even once a year. Dentists can follow the growth and development of teeth and jaws and remove plaque and tartar buildup, which can cause gum disease.Â
You can visit a dentist near you if you have teeth sensitivity, a toothache, jaw pain, an abscessed tooth, or chipped or broken teeth. Dentists can also help if you have swollen, bleeding gums, teeth that are short or boxy, or if you have persistent bad breath.Â
If you are a smoker or are pregnant, dentists can assist in monitoring your oral health and advise you on preventive care. Similarly, regular checkups are necessary if you have a cavity or gum disease history.
How can you manage emergency dental problems at home before visiting your dentist?
Some situations do not qualify as dental emergencies. While seeing your dentist as soon as possible is important, waiting for an appointment during regular business hours is fine.
- Dull toothache: To manage a dull toothache, gargle your mouth with warm water and gently use floss to remove any trapped particles. For pain relief, consider taking over-the-counter medications like acetaminophen, naproxen, or ibuprofen. Avoid applying aspirin directly to your gums, as this can result in burns to the tissue. Contact your dentist promptly to arrange an appointment for a thorough examination and appropriate treatment.
- Small chip or crack: For a small, painless chip or crack in your tooth, it's generally safe to wait for a dentist appointment. If sharp edges are bothersome, cover them with orthodontic wax, available in most pharmacies' oral health section. This can help prevent further discomfort and protect your mouth until professional care is available.
- Broken braces: Typically, these are not an emergency unless there's bleeding. If a wire pokes your cheek or tongue, gently bend the end with a pencil eraser or blunt object. Wrap the wire with orthodontic wax until you can visit your dentist or orthodontist. This temporary solution can help minimize pain and prevent injury.
- Object stuck between teeth: If an object is lodged between your teeth, carefully remove it using dental floss or an interproximal brush. To prevent injury, avoid using sharp instruments to dislodge the object. Careful flossing can help you prevent additional damage to your gums or teeth.
- Minor soft tissue injury: For minor injuries to your mouth's soft tissues, rinse thoroughly with a saltwater solution or antibacterial mouthwash. Apply pressure with clean cotton gauze to stop the bleeding, which should subside within 15 to 20 minutes. If severe bleeding continues, seek immediate care. Proper first aid can significantly reduce pain and prevent complications.
What are cavities, and how do we prevent them?
Cavities are holes that form on the teeth when food and bacteria are not cleaned with a toothbrush after eating. An acidic substance accumulates on a tooth, softening the enamel and eventually leading to cavity development. The following suggestions can protect you from cavities:
- Consume enough fluoride: Fluoride treatment strengthens the enamel, making it more resistant to acid etching. Many towns supply fluoridated tap water, but some still need to. If your family drinks filtered water or your water source lacks fluoride, you should talk to a dentist near you about fluoride supplements. Although most toothpaste contains fluoride, it cannot entirely protect a child's teeth. Additionally, be careful because too much fluoride might discolor teeth.
- Limit your intake of certain foods: Cavities can develop from consuming sugary meals, beverages, and candies, mainly fruit leather, gummy vitamins, and sticky, gummy candies. To get rid of the sugar after your kids eat these things, have them brush their teeth or rinse their mouths. Children who take sweetened liquid medications must follow the same procedure: immediately rinse or brush their teeth.
- Protective sealants for children: As your child's permanent teeth emerge, the dentist can help stop the decay. It is done by applying a sealant (a thin resin layer) to the back teeth, which mainly chew food items. This barrier prevents bacteria from gathering in the molars' difficult-to-reach crevices.
How can one find the best dentist near you in Columbia, Maryland?
Healthcare professionals have long been aware of the constant link between dental and overall health. Regular dental visits provide the best chance of avoiding cavities and gum disease and the best chance of living a long and healthy life. If you experience any concerns, such as cavities or issues with your oral health, you should see a dentist.
However, finding a good dentist nearby can take time and effort. Zocdoc can help you here. You can easily book in-person or online consultations with dentists from your home using Zocdoc. Visit the Zocdoc website and enter your condition or symptoms, location, and insurance provider to get started.
Zocdoc will list the top dentists near you who meet your search criteria in Columbia, Maryland. You can sort and filter the results depending on the dentist's location, gender, spoken languages, hospital affiliation, day of the week, and whether or not they treat children.
If you want to see dentists who accept your insurance, choose your insurance provider and plan from the dropdown menu on the page. It will automatically narrow the search results to show only in-network dentists. Suppose your insurance plan isn't listed on Zocdoc. In that case, you can upload a photo of your medical insurance card for us to scan and identify your likely plan (please note this feature is not available for vision or dental insurance). If you encounter any issues uploading the image, please get in touch with our service team for assistance. We're here to help ensure your insurance information is accurately reflected. For more insurance-related questions, visit Zocdoc's patient help center.
To help you make an informed decision, Zocdoc provides information about each dentist's education and training, clinical experience, awards, licensures, certifications, and accreditations. You may also read verified reviews and ratings from past patients using Zocdoc.
Depending on the dentist's availability, you can book an appointment during office hours, before 10 am, after 5 pm, or even on weekends. Some dentists also allow video consultations before a personal visit. All appointments on Zocdoc are quick, affordable, and secure.
Statistics on dentists and dental visits in Maryland
As per the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Maryland had around 2,970 general dentists in May 2023.
Further, according to America's Health Rankings, Maryland had around 70.8 general dentists and advanced practice dental therapists per 100,000 population in September 2024, higher than the national average of about 65.8.
Where preventive care is concerned, in 2022, only 66.7% of Maryland adults reported visiting a dentist or a dental clinic within the previous year. Women (≈69.6%) were more likely to see a dentist than men (≈63.5%). Those 65 and above (≈69.9%) and those aged 45 to 64 (≈70.4%) were more likely to visit a dentist. The percentage was lower at around 62.3% in those aged 18 and 44.
Sources
WebMD
Cleveland Clinic[1]
Cleveland Clinic[2]
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
America's Health Rankings[1]
America's Health Rankings[2]
KidsHealth
Mayo Clinic
