Who is an OB-GYN?
Gynecologists concentrate on general reproductive health, whereas obstetricians focus on pregnancy and related health complications. These two categories of medical experts collaborate frequently. Some practitioners are trained in both these fields. They are called OB-GYNs. Their duties include:
- Working with pregnant women and delivering newborns
- Offering treatment for various disorders, such as chronic pain and STIs
- Offering preventative healthcare services such as pap smears, STI testing, pelvic exams, ultrasounds, and blood tests
- Providing counseling about infertility, sex, reproductive health, pregnancy, and many other health issues
Education and training of OB-GYNs
Before medical school, aspirants must complete four years of bachelor's education in a science-focused field. Following this, they must enroll in a medical school for four years. After attaining a medical degree, doctors can complete four to five years of a residency program in obstetrics and gynecology. Following this, doctors can become certified by the American Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology.
What are their specialty areas?
Obstetrics and gynecology (OB-GYN) is a medical specialty that provides diverse healthcare services. Approximately 90% of OB-GYNs function as generalists, engaging in a broad spectrum of OB-GYN care.
However, many professionals choose to specialize in specific subspecialties. These subspecialties include:
- Maternal-fetal medicine: Specialists care for individuals with high-risk pregnancies and associated medical conditions. Patients with chronic or gestational high blood pressure, gestational diabetes, blood clotting disorders, and those at risk of premature labor may seek the expertise of maternal-fetal medicine specialists. These professionals offer comprehensive management to ensure the well-being of both the mother and the developing fetus.
- Reproductive endocrinology and infertility: Endocrinologists specializing in reproductive health tackle issues related to infertility and the complex interplay of glands and hormones in the endocrine system. Individuals facing challenges in conception can consult reproductive endocrinologists. They provide specialized procedures like in vitro fertilization, gamete intrafallopian transfer, zygote intrafallopian transfer, and embryo transfer, tailored to enhance the chances of successful pregnancy.
- Gynecologic oncology: Oncologists in this field concentrate on diagnosing and treating cancers affecting the reproductive system, including malignancies of the uterus, cervix, ovaries, and vulva. Gynecologic oncologists are pivotal in providing specialized care and treatment plans for individuals with these complex conditions.
- Female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery: Surgeons specializing in this area focus on managing disorders of the genitourinary system via surgery, cystoscopy, and urodynamics.
What do OB-GYNs focus on?
Throughout all stages of a woman's life, from youth to pregnancy, menopause, and beyond, OB-GYNs offer comprehensive health care. They are skilled in both surgical and non-surgical techniques for managing health concerns. These include:
- Birth control: OB-GYNs can help counsel patients on techniques and methods of birth control based on their lifestyle, personal preferences, and state of health.
- Infertility care: Some women experience difficulty conceiving a child. OB-GYNs can help if you have been trying to conceive or have concerns about doing so.
- Pelvic health: Disorders of the pelvis are widespread. Incontinence, frequent urination, urgent urination, pelvic pressure or heaviness, pelvic discomfort, and sexual issues are among the conditions that affect women. OB-GYNs can treat these issues.
- Prenatal and postnatal care: OB-GYNs advise on family planning and offer supportive care during pregnancy, childbirth, and after it.
When should you consider visiting an OB-GYN near you?
The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) suggests that people consult an OB-GYN for the first time between the ages of 13 and 15. If the patient is healthy and not sexually active, the doctor won't usually perform a pelvic exam. Around the age of 21, or when women begin to become sexually active, they should undergo their first pelvic exam and pap test.
Also, the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecologists (ACOG) advises that every woman receive a well-woman checkup from their gynecologist once a year. Depending on an individual's age, lifestyle, and health risk factors, various tests might be necessary at each appointment.
Women should visit their OB-GYN if they suspect pregnancy or experience problems with their reproductive system, such as STDs, pregnancy complications, pain during sex, pain or other urination-related symptoms, or suspected infertility.
What generally happens during a well-woman exam?
After turning 21, experts recommend that women go for annual well-woman exams. It allows OB-GYNs to conduct the necessary physical exams and diagnostic tests to evaluate their sexual and reproductive health. Patients can also use the time to bring up any related doubts, concerns, and queries.
Knowing what to expect during the well-woman exam is a good idea, as it allows women to prepare beforehand.
Here's everything that may happen during the appointment:
- Physical exam: The OB-GYN provider's staff will begin with a simple physical exam, measuring height, weight, pulse rate, and blood pressure. They might also collect blood and urine samples. After that, the staff will ask to change into a paper gown for the rest of the exams.
- Breast exam: During the breast cancer screening exam, the OB-GYN gently massages each breast in circular motions to look for abnormal lumps, thickened tissues, or cysts. If they find anything unusual, they may conduct a biopsy to determine whether the cysts are cancerous.
- Pelvic exam: The OB-GYN will request the patient to lie on the exam table and place their feet in the stirrups for the pelvic exam. The OB-GYN will visually examine the genital area, checking for rashes or growths. Then, they will insert two lubricated, gloved fingers into the vagina and apply some pressure on the abdomen with the other hand, feeling the uterus and ovaries for any abnormalities.
- Pap smear: After the pelvic exam, the OB-GYN will insert a lubricated speculum inside the vagina to get a better view of the vagina and cervix. Then, they will perform a cervical cancer screening test known as a Pap smear. A sample of cells from the cervix would be collected using a cotton swab and sent to a lab for further testing. Test results can take 1-3 weeks.
After these examinations, the OB-GYN will discuss the findings with the patient and suggest interventions if necessary. At this point, one should bring up any questions and expect tailored solutions from their provider.
Mental side effects of pregnancy
A woman's body changes during pregnancy and undergoes various emotions and feelings. Although pregnancy is often a happy and exciting time, it can be challenging for some women. They may feel worried or stressed and find it difficult to cope with the changes in their body and the uncertainties of pregnancy. At times, it is normal for them to feel stressed or anxious.
According to research, during pregnancy, one in five women suffer mental health problems such as anxiety and depression. Depression is as prevalent in pregnant individuals as in non-pregnant ones. Depression can result in some people due to the stress of pregnancy.
However, not all pregnant women experience depression. Mental health issues from the past could resurface, or depression could worsen if they were experiencing it before pregnancy.
If a mother suffers from mental health issues during pregnancy or after childbirth, not seeking help can have several adverse effects on her and her baby's health. Therefore, it is best to consult an OB-GYN for assistance. The OB-GYN may work with a therapist and prescribe medication to manage their patient's mental health.
How to select an OB-GYN during pregnancy?
Choosing the right OB-GYN is vital to having a healthy pregnancy, as you will be seeing your doctor multiple times before, during, and even after pregnancy. The OB-GYN will become your primary health partner for the entirety of this journey. They will fulfill all your health needs, provide the necessary prenatal and postnatal care, answer all your questions and concerns without judgment or bias, help with challenging decisions, anticipate and handle complex health problems, and ensure you feel comfortable and informed during pregnancy and after. The OB-GYN you choose may also be responsible for delivering your baby.
Selecting an OB-GYN is a personal decision that can be influenced by many factors, including costs, culture, preferences, and beliefs. To help you get a head start, here are some factors that you must consider:
- If you plan on paying through your health insurance, check what services your plan covers, from prenatal services to labor and post-pregnancy care. Look for OB-GYNs in your area or neighborhood who participate in your plan. Your insurance provider may also have a searchable list of providers participating in your area.
- An OB-GYN located close to your home or workplace will be the most convenient. You can also check if the OB-GYN's office is easy to reach via private or public transportation.
- Verifying an OB-GYN's credentials and subspecialties is essential. Opting for a board-certified OB-GYN ensures that they are current with the latest advancements and practice standards, which can enhance the quality of care you receive.
- Choose an OB-GYN who aligns with your personal wishes and beliefs. Talk to your doctor about pain management, your birth plan, if they will perform a C-section as per your preference, etc.
- Check if your OB-GYN's office provides regularly needed services such as blood tests, ultrasounds, and other imaging or laboratory services.
- Sometimes, you may have questions that do not necessarily require an appointment. Ask your OB-GYN if they take virtual appointments. There may also be times when your OB-GYN is away or not able to attend to you immediately. Ask them which physician or healthcare provider will cover your scheduled appointments in their absence.
- For pregnant women with pre-existing medical conditions, it may be beneficial to look for an OB-GYN who is experienced in assessing risk factors and managing potential complications during pregnancy. For example, if you have conditions like diabetes, lupus, renal disease, or hypertension, you can opt to see an OB-GYN specializing in maternal-fetal medicine. This specialist can help you manage your health before conception, conduct a preconception genetic screening for you and your partner to assess the risk of passing down a genetic condition, and help reduce the risk of fetal anomalies.
- Remember to ask your OB-GYN about their delivery practice and delivery schedules. OB-GYNs may have rotating schedules in group practices or hospitals where doctors take turns performing deliveries. Therefore, the OB-GYN who delivers your baby may not necessarily be the one you have been consulting for prenatal care. It is best to clarify which OB-GYN will be responsible for delivering your baby.
- If you plan on delivering your baby in a hospital, check if your OB-GYN has admitting privileges with a regional or local hospital. Also, check the hospital's location, reviews, amenities for labor and delivery, and whether or not it has a NICU (neonatal intensive care unit) onsite.
- Being prepared for unusual symptoms or unexpected emergencies during pregnancy is crucial. Ask your OB-GYN how they plan for such emergencies.
- Several mothers may experience a severe, long-lasting phase of depression after delivery, called postpartum depression. Choose an OB-GYN who not only caters to your physical health during and after pregnancy but also your mental health needs. An empathetic and knowledgeable OB-GYN will be able to recognize the signs of depression and guide you toward the right resources. Additionally, you may have concerns about your changing body, sexual health, and other reproductive health-related concerns. A good OB-GYN will listen to your personal experiences and offer the right medical advice.
Finding the top OB-GYN near you in Buffalo Grove, Illinois
It's essential to prioritize reproductive health and pregnancy-related issues and pay attention to them. Therefore, it is imperative to consult an OB-GYN promptly. But finding the right gynecologist can be challenging. Worry no more! Zocdoc is here to connect you with the healthcare provider of your choice with just a few simple steps.
To find the top-rated gynecologist in Buffalo Grove, Illinois, log in on Zocdoc with your free account and enter the specialist you want to visit (OB-GYN), location, preferred date, and insurance details. You can filter your search by gender, hospital affiliations, and spoken language.
If you need clarification on your insurance details, Zocdoc's insurance detector can help you. To use that feature, go to your account settings, scroll down to the insurance section, and upload a clear photograph of your insurance card. Zocdoc will scan it and suggest your likely health plan. For more insurance-related doubts or queries, please check out the FAQs on our patient help center page!
Once you get a list of the best-qualified gynecologists, you can learn more about them through their dedicated profiles. The information includes their education, expertise, experience, practice location, board certification, and even the awards they have won. You can also read the verified patient reviews to choose the best OB-GYN near you.
On Zocdoc, you can also book video consultations before in-person visits. Look for the purple video icon on the doctor's profile to determine which offers online consultations. Depending on the doctor's availability, you can also book appointments on weekends, holidays, and even after 5 p.m.
All appointment bookings on Zocdoc are fast, free, and secure!
Maternal and child health-related stats in the US and Illinois
As per the National Survey of Family Growth, about 67.8% of women aged between 15 and 49 obtained family planning and related medical services between 2017 and 2019. These services include:
- Pelvic exam: 50.4%
- Pap test: 49.0%
- STD test: 32.1%
- Birth control checkup or test: 21.7%
- Pregnancy test: 18.0%
- Birth control counseling: 16.7%
- Prenatal care: 4.4%
- Post-pregnancy care: 3.7%
- Emergency contraception counseling: 1.9%
- Abortion: 0.4%
In 2020, the fertility rate reported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Illinois was about 53.8. The teen birth rate (births per 1000 females aged 15-19) was around 13.6. In addition, the life expectancy at birth was 76.8 years, while the infant mortality rate was 5.3.
In 2020, approximately 97,874 cases received adequate prenatal care. The number of cesarean cases reported was close to 41,084. The number of infants with low birth weight was around 11,057, and those with meager birth weight were about 1,781. In addition, nearly 13,733 infants were preterm.
In 2018, Illinois had around 2,070 OB-GYNs. According to forecasts, Illinois's supply and demand for OB-GYNs will be roughly 1,920 and 1,870 by 2030, with supply adequacy of about 102.7%.
Sources
WebMD
Mayo Clinic Health System
Medical News Today[1]
Medical News Today[2]
National Center for Health Statistics
Health Resources and Services Administration
Illinois Department of Public Health
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Healthline[1]
Royal College of Psychiatrists
Walnut Hill Obstetrics and Gynecology Associates
Daniel Kushner, MD
Healthline[2]
Johns Hopkins Medicine
Penn Medicine Lancaster General Health
Sutter Health
Mayo Clinic
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