What does an allergist do?
An allergist is qualified to diagnose and treat allergies, intolerances, and sinus and ear infections. For proper treatment, an allergist must first determine what triggers the reaction with the help of a series of tests. Once they discover the specific allergy and its severity, they can discuss the best course of treatment. Allergists can prescribe treatment, which can be to avoid allergens or something complex like undergoing immunotherapy and carrying an epinephrine pen. Common conditions allergists treat include:
- Allergic conjunctivitis
- Allergic rhinitis (Hay fever)
- Anaphylaxis
- Angioedema
- Asthma
- Drug allergies
- Eczema
- Eosinophilic disorders
- Food allergies
- Hives
- Insect sting allergies
- Latex allergies
- Sinus infections
What kind of education and training do allergists receive?
Becoming an allergist-immunologist in the United States takes about 13 years of education and training after high school. The journey begins with a 4-year undergraduate degree, during which students complete required pre-medical coursework and participate in research, volunteering, and leadership development. After earning a bachelor's degree, the next step is attending medical school, which lasts another four years, either through an MD or DO program. This phase provides a solid foundation in medical knowledge and clinical skills.
Following medical school, aspiring allergists enter a residency program generally lasting three years. This can be in internal medicine or pediatrics, providing more hands-on clinical experience and advanced medical training. The final step is a 2-year fellowship in allergy and immunology, where doctors receive highly specialised training focused on diagnosing and treating allergic and immune-related conditions.
Difference between allergists and immunologists
Allergists and immunologists share similarities, such as conducting various tests and assessments to find the best treatment methods for each patient. However, their primary focus differs. Allergists mainly handle patients experiencing allergic reactions. They extensively review patients' medical histories and perform allergy tests to diagnose the issue, then offer appropriate treatment options. Conversely, immunologists specialize in diseases affecting the immune system. They spend significant time analyzing clinical studies, employing problem-solving techniques, and educating patients about their conditions.
Types of allergies
Allergic reactions can occur throughout the body but are most common in the nose, eyes, lungs, stomach lining, sinuses, throat, and skin. Here are some common types of allergy problems that an allergist near you can treat:
- Allergic rhinitis (Hay fever)
This term refers to allergic reactions in the nose, causing symptoms like congestion, a runny nose, sneezing, and itching in the nose, eyes, or mouth. When triggered by pollen or outdoor molds during specific seasons, this problem is known as "hay fever." Year-round triggers include dust mites, pets, indoor molds, or workplace allergens.
- Atopic and contact dermatitis/hives/skin allergies
Skin conditions like atopic and contact dermatitis, eczema, and hives result from allergens and irritants. Reactions can take hours or days to appear, as with poison ivy. Medications, insect stings, foods, animals, and chemicals are common triggers.
Asthma symptoms include airway spasms that block airflow to the lungs, inflammation of bronchial tubes, and excess mucus. Other symptoms include restricted breathing, chest tightness, coughing, and wheezing. Episodes can range from minor discomfort to life-threatening scenarios in which breathing may stop altogether.
Anaphylaxis is an uncommon yet severe allergic reaction that affects several body regions at once. Triggers include insect stings, certain foods (such as peanuts), and medications. Symptoms include vomiting, diarrhea, a dangerous drop in blood pressure, skin redness or hives, difficulty breathing, throat or tongue swelling, and loss of consciousness. Anaphylaxis symptoms might worsen quickly, necessitating immediate medical assistance.
Why should you see an allergist?
There are several reasons why you may benefit from visiting an allergist near you, such as:
- OTC allergy medications are not working: If you already know you have allergies and find that common over-the-counter (OTC) allergy medications are not very effective, an allergist may prescribe stronger medications.
- Chronic snoring or insomnia: Allergies may cause inflammation in the sinus cavity, making breathing difficult while sleeping. If you snore a lot or have trouble sleeping, an allergist can help determine if allergies are causing this.
- Chronic sinus or ear infections: While bacteria or viruses do not cause allergies, they can make you more prone to infections. If you regularly have ear or sinus infections, consult an allergist to prevent this from happening again.
- Frequent unexplained mouth and throat irritation: Usually, food allergies may only cause itching and soreness in the mouth, face, or throat, which can be hard to diagnose without the help of an allergist.
- Allergic reactions: If you notice severe allergic reactions, such as hives, face or tongue swelling, and breathing difficulties, you should see an allergist immediately.
- Allergies or asthma affect quality of life: An allergist can be helpful if health conditions like asthma interfere with work or daily activities.
What is grass rash, and what are the symptoms?
Many people, from infants to adults, experience grass rash; one common culprit is contact with grass. Below, we explore why grass can trigger skin reactions and how to recognise the symptoms.
Grass may seem harmless, but it can lead to skin irritation for several reasons:
- Grass allergy: People with grass pollen allergies (commonly known as hay fever) may also experience skin reactions if they touch grass. While most allergic reactions are respiratory-like, sneezing, and watery eyes, some individuals break out in rashes upon contact.
- Contact dermatitis: Grass can act as an irritant or allergen, leading to contact dermatitis. Soaps, perfumes, cleaning products, and other environmental substances can also cause this red, itchy rash.
- Grass texture: The surface of many grass types includes tiny bristles that can irritate the skin, causing a rash through physical contact alone.
- Sensitive skin: Due to their delicate skin, babies and young children, especially those with eczema, are more likely to react to grass.
The rash can vary in appearance, but common symptoms include:
- Itchy, red bumps on the skin where it touched the grass
- Burning, cracked, or blistered skin (especially with contact dermatitis)
- Dry, scaly patches may occur if eczema is triggered
- Raised welts or hives that may appear alongside sneezing, watery eyes, or wheezing
Warning: If you experience facial swelling or difficulty breathing, seek emergency medical help immediately as these can be signs of anaphylaxis, a life-threatening allergic reaction.
What can you expect at the appointment with an allergist?
Allergies can affect your daily life and cause severe reactions. An allergist near you can help identify triggers, prescribe treatments to manage symptoms, and suggest lifestyle changes to avoid triggers. They can help you find ways so that your condition does not disrupt your life.
When you go to the allergist, they will first discuss your symptoms and try to understand the triggers, frequency, and duration of the symptoms. Depending on the type of allergy they are looking for, an allergist may use one or more types of tests, including:
- Skin prick/scratch tests: The allergist scratches your skin slightly with an applicator holding a small amount of allergen. They wait to see if it causes a reaction.
- Blood tests: Samples are sent to a lab to test for any signs of allergies to specific substances.
- Food challenge tests: The allergist would give you increasing amounts of food you may be allergic to and monitor you for a reaction.
- Lung function testing: Besides allergy testing, your allergist may conduct spirometry or pulmonary function testing, which helps diagnose asthma.
Once you get the test results, your allergist will recommend a course of action. One may treat minor allergies by avoiding the allergen or taking OTC antihistamines. If avoiding substances is impossible, the allergist may prescribe a stronger medication to prevent the symptoms. For people with severe allergies, the allergist may prescribe an epinephrine pen for emergencies. They will also demonstrate using medical devices like inhalers and epinephrine pens. Lastly, they may recommend immunotherapy for chronic allergies, where they carefully desensitize the immune system to specific allergens.
How can you find the best allergist in Boston, MA?
Have you ever wondered why you have throat irritation or difficulty breathing? Are there allergies that may be causing your unexplained symptoms? With the help of Zocdoc, you can now find out more about it by visiting a qualified allergy doctor near you. Through Zocdoc, you can browse numerous profiles, compare healthcare providers, and choose one that matches your requirements.
Start your search by visiting the Zocdoc website and entering keywords like "allergist" along with your location, preferred appointment date, and health insurance provider. With this information, Zocdoc will curate a list of the best in-network allergists in your vicinity. Filter the results based on distance, time of day, language, and other preferences. Each provider's profile includes a detailed description of their qualifications, area of expertise, and experience. You can also find user-verified reviews and ratings under each provider’s profile on Zocdoc.
However, if you can't find your insurance plan listed on Zocdoc, you can upload a photo of your medical insurance card (not applicable for vision or dental). Zocdoc will scan the image and identify your likely plan. Contact our service team for assistance if you encounter any issues while uploading the image. For further insurance-related queries, check the Zocdoc patient help center page.
Once you have chosen an allergist, you can book an in-person or virtual appointment based on the available slots. Booking appointments on Zocdoc is simple, secure, and 100% free.
Statistics on asthma and allergies
As per the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology, more than 24 million people, including roughly 6 million children in the U.S., have asthma. Moreover, based on the Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America data, more than 100 million people have various types of allergies yearly.
Allergies are one of the most common health problems among children. Every year, anaphylaxis (a severe allergic reaction to food) results in over 90,000 emergency room visits. Roughly 81 million people were diagnosed with hay fever or seasonal allergic rhinitis, including approximately 14 million children. Additionally, about 8 million children had eczema in 2021. About 20 million people have food allergies; roughly 4 million are children.
Data indicates that chronic hives affect roughly 1% of the global population, with children having higher rates than adults. Among adults, females are more likely to have chronic hives than males. Similar findings for contact allergies tell us that women are more likely to have contact allergies, and overall, about one in five people have contact allergies. The most common causes include nickel, fragrance, cobalt, and chemical compounds in personal care products.
According to the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, roughly one in nine people in Massachusetts had asthma in 2015. Of these, about 10.2% were adults and 12.9% were children. In addition, Massachusetts reports one of the highest prevalences of asthma among American states. Moreover, roughly 24.4% of adults found it difficult to work, and about 41.1% of children could not go to school or daycare for at least one day in the past twelve months due to asthma.
Sources
Cleveland Clinic
WebMD
American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology[1]
Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America
Mass.gov
American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology[2]
Center for Allergy & Asthma of Georgia
University of Medicine and Health Sciences
Healthline
