Who is an optometrist?Â
An optometrist is a licensed healthcare professional specializing in primary eye care for patients. They diagnose and treat common eye issues, including refractive errors such as nearsightedness or farsightedness, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), glaucoma, cataracts, and other diabetic eye conditions like diabetic retinopathy.Â
Besides diagnosing eye diseases, they also conduct routine eye exams and screenings, provide and fit corrective lenses, and offer vision therapy and low vision aids. They may also counsel patients regarding surgical and non-surgical treatment options that match their visual requirements per their occupations and lifestyles. During a comprehensive eye exam, the specialist can also help detect severe underlying health conditions such as diabetes, heart disease, autoimmune disorders, brain tumors, high blood pressure, and cancers and their symptoms.Â
When should you visit an optometrist?
Everyone should visit optometrists routinely. Your age determines how often you should see an eye doctor near you. A good rule of thumb is:
- Infants and children: A doctor should check your kids' vision at birth, six months, three years, and every 1-2 years after that.Â
- Adults: If you wear glasses or contacts, visit a doctor every year so they can check your vision. If you do not, see an optometrist every alternate year.
- Older adults: If you are above 55, you should schedule yearly visits to your optometrist.
Besides routine checkups, you should see an optometrist urgently if you have any of the following symptoms:
- Blurred vision
- Eye pain
- Red eyes
- Dry eyes
- Halo-like circles around lightsÂ
How is an optometrist different from an ophthalmologist?Â
Both ophthalmologists and optometrists are eye care specialists with similar roles, such as diagnosing and treating eye conditions and ordering necessary diagnostic tests. However, the critical difference lies in their training and education levels. An ophthalmologist is an MD with 12 to 13 years of advanced medical training, allowing them to prescribe medication, perform eye surgery, and treat a broader range of eye conditions than optometrists and opticians.Â
Optometrists are not medical doctors but obtain a Doctor of Optometry (OD) degree after completing 2 to 4 years of college education, followed by four years of optometry school. They practice optometry and provide primary vision care, which involves vision testing, detecting abnormalities in the eye, and giving correction. A limited number of states in the US allow optometrists to dispense medication. Optometrists and ophthalmologists work together in the same clinic and are provided assistance by ophthalmic medical technicians for specific tests and surgeries.
Ten types of optometry specialties you should know
When you think of an optometrist, you might just picture a routine eye exam. But did you know that various optometry specialties focus on specific vision needs? Let's explore the ten specialties of the field:
1. Specialty contact lenses
Standard lenses are never recommended for people with high refractive error, corneal irregularities, or ocular surface disease. That's where specialty contact lens optometrists come in. They expertly fit custom lenses, such as soft specialty contacts, rigid gas permeable (RGP), scleral, and orthokeratology (Ortho-K) lenses, to improve vision and comfort.
2. Myopia control
Nearsightedness (myopia) is on the rise, especially in kids. Myopia control specialists focus on slowing its progression through treatments like center-distance multifocal contact lenses, Ortho-K lenses, and even atropine eye drops.
3. Pediatric optometry
Pediatric optometrists can manage everything from basic vision screenings to complex eye coordination issues in children. They often manage myopia and help ensure kids' eyes work together effectively.
4. Vision therapy optometry
Vision therapy might be the answer if reading, learning, or focusing feels like a struggle. These optometrists create customized exercises and activities to improve how the eyes work together, enhancing skills like concentration and visual tracking.
5. Ocular surface disease
Dry, irritated eyes? Ocular surface disease specialists are the go-to pros. They diagnose and treat all levels of dry eye disease using strategies—from lifestyle changes and nutritional advice to prescription drops and in-office procedures.
6. Geriatric optometry
As we age, our eyes need extra care. Geriatric optometrists specialize in treating conditions common in older adults, such as cataracts, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (ARMD), diabetic retinopathy, and more.
7. Low vision optometry
Low-vision optometrists provide hope for individuals with significant vision loss that can't be corrected with regular glasses. They prescribe specialized devices and strategies to maximize usable vision, helping patients maintain independence in their daily activities.
8. Neuro-optometry
Vision isn't just about the eyes; it's also about the brain. Neuro-optometrists treat visual problems caused by brain injuries, strokes, and neurological conditions. Their toolbox includes vision therapy, prism glasses, and regular monitoring to support recovery and adaptation.
9. Sports vision optometry
Want to up your game? Sports vision optometrists help athletes sharpen their visual skills, from reaction time to depth perception. They design tailored training programs and offer advice on visual nutrition to give competitors an edge.
10. Ocular aesthetics
Ocular aesthetics specialists focus on treatments that enhance the appearance of the eyes and surrounding areas while maintaining eye health. Think of eye-safe skincare products, cosmetic procedures, and more.
Optometry isn't one-size-fits-all. Whether you need help managing childhood myopia, treating dry eyes, or enhancing athletic performance, there's likely an optometrist near you who can meet your unique vision needs.
What standard tests do optometrists perform?Â
At your first visit to an optometrist near you, you can expect optometrists to conduct one or multiple eye tests to help understand the cause of the eye problems. Further, they may record your medical history and ask about any eye diseases in your family. Here are some standard eye tests optometrists perform:Â
- Visual acuity: This chart reading test involves reading a set of characters (numbers or alphabets) on a chart or monitor kept 6 meters from the patient. The largest characters are at the top, and the smallest is at the bottom. This test helps detect refractive errors, allowing the doctor to determine the appropriate correction treatment.
- Retinal exam: Also known as ophthalmoscopy, this exam helps to detect diabetic retinopathy or a detached retina. An optometrist examines the back of your eye during this exam, including the retina, optic nerve (which sends information to the brain), and retinal blood vessels. The optometrist may administer eye drops before the test to dilate your pupils.
- Slit-lamp test: This test diagnoses cataracts, glaucoma, dry eyes, macular degeneration, and cornea injuries with the help of a microscope or slit-lamp that shines an intense beam of light into the eyes and helps to check the iris, cornea, lens, and the fluid chamber.
- Tonometry: This test may be of two types - applanation and non-contact. Tonometry helps detect glaucoma (which damages the optic nerve) by measuring the eye's fluid pressure (intraocular pressure). If the fluid pressure is abnormal or higher than average, your optometrist may measure the corneal thickness of your eye.
- Eye muscle movement test: During this test, your optometrist will move an object, like a pen or a fixation light, around horizontally and vertically - in an H-shaped pattern. You will have to follow the target with your eyes without moving your head. This test helps optometrists check for misalignment and involuntary shaking of the eyes.
- Pupil reflex test: The pupil is the colored part of your eyes. They regulate the amount of light entering your eyes. During an eye exam, your optometrist will inspect your pupils' shape and size and how they respond to stimuli. For this, they use three tests - the swinging flashlight test, the light response test, and the near response test.
- Refraction: Optometrists perform this test to get an accurate eyeglass prescription. During the test, you will have to look at a chart 20 feet away or a mirror that makes things look as if they are 20 feet away. You must look through a phoropter, a testing device with a provision to adjust lenses for both eyes. Your optometrist will insert lenses of various strengths into the phoropter. They assess which lenses work best for your vision based on how clear or blurry the chart looks.
How to take care of your eyes?
These practices can lower the risk of developing eye diseases and alleviate eye strain, leading to improved visual comfort and clarity over time. Here are a few tips for maintaining vision health:Â
- Improve your diet: Many studies have shown that a well-balanced diet positively affects eye health. Your diet must include a good combination of fruits and leafy vegetables, including collard greens, kale, and spinach. You should also consume nutrient-rich foods with vitamins C and E, zinc, lutein, and omega-3 fatty acids. These can help prevent cataracts and macular degeneration.
- Other essential food items include oysters, pork, oranges, citrus fruits, eggs, nuts, beans, and other non-meat protein sources. Oily fish like tuna and salmon are beneficial as wellÂ
- Regular exercise: Did you know 90% of blindness occurs due to diabetes? It is preventable and treatable if caught early. Therefore, having a healthy lifestyle can help reduce the chances of developing diabetes and other conditions like glaucoma that can affect your vision health. A good exercise routine can also help regulate blood pressure and cholesterol, preventing other health issues.
- Practice good hygiene: To maintain good eye hygiene, avoid touching your eyes before washing your hands. Always wash your hands before handling or removing contact lenses. Additionally, make sure to follow the instructions for disinfecting your contact lenses regularly.
- Wear protective eyewear: Most activities involving sports, labwork, or factory labor involve protective eyewear like safety goggles and glasses. Ensure you wear them during those activities to protect yourself from eye injuries. You must also wear your shades when traveling outside to protect your eyes from the sun’s UVA and UVB radiations. Some contact lenses also provide UV protection. However, it is still considered good practice to wear sunglasses.
- 20/20/20 rule: Spending long hours in front of a computer screen, mobile device, or TV can cause eye strain. It can also cause back, shoulder, and neck pain, dry eyes, and blurry vision. Hence, you must practice the 20/20/20 rule: after every 20 minutes, look at least 20 feet away for 20 seconds.
Find the best eye doctor near you in Great Neck, New YorkÂ
Vision changes with age; therefore, routine eye exams are necessary for everyone, i.e., people with poor eyesight and good vision. Also, many eye conditions, such as glaucoma, do not have symptoms and can only be detected through routine eye exams. If you still need your annual or bi-annual eye checkup, you can get one done by an optometrist near you.Â
You don't need to go searching too far for a qualified optometrist near you. With the help of Zocdoc, you can book an appointment with an optometrist in your area within minutes.Â
Schedule a video consultation or in-person appointment on the Zocdoc website by entering your condition/ symptoms or specialty, as well as your location. You can check Zocdoc's insurance checker if you need clarification about your policy's coverage. We prioritize the security of your information. Our commitment extends to adhering to industry-leading standards to ensure the safeguarding of your data. Explore how Zocdoc manages data and privacy here or visit Zocdoc's patient help center. You can then browse the list of providers and read through their profiles to see which optometrists best suit your needs.Â
Each healthcare professional's profile mentions their medical background, including their training, certifications, awards, and licenses. You can also choose a specialist based on honest and verified patient reviews and ratings, gender, hospital affiliation, distance, languages spoken, and whether or not they treat children. You can check their monthly availability, including timings, and book appointments in the morning before 10 a.m., after work hours (5 p.m.), on the same day, or even on weekends (depending on your selected provider's availability).Â
All bookings on Zocdoc are free, safe, and secure!
Prevalence of eye diseases and blindness in New YorkÂ
According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, New York state employed nearly 2,010 optometrists (as of May 2023). The New York-Newark-Jersey City, the NY-NJ-PA metropolitan area, has one of the country's highest employment levels (≈2,370) of optometrists.Â
The National Federation of the Blind estimated that in 2016, almost 418,500 people in New York had blindness. 14.9% New Yorkers have a distance vision impairment, 4.1% have age-related macular degeneration, 19% have cataract, and 5.3% have glaucoma according to the data presented by New York State Department of Health in July of 2016.
SourcesÂ
American Optometric Association
WebMD[1]
WebMD[2]
WebMD[3]
American Academy of Ophthalmology
Medline Plus
Mayo Clinic
U.S Bureau of Labor StatisticsÂ
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention[1]
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention[2]
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention[3]
Cleveland Clinic
Verywell Health[1]
Verywell Health[2]
National Eye Institute
WebMD[4]
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention[4]
Dr. Ryan Corte
