Who are surgeons?
Surgeons are doctors who specialize in treating patients by altering tissues or organs. They can treat injuries and illnesses. Surgeons typically head a team of doctors and nurses in the operating room to ensure the procedure happens smoothly. They get trained to move or alter live tissue using lasers, scalpels, needles, radiation, ionizing, etc.
What kind of education and training do surgeons receive?
To begin practicing as a surgeon, one must earn an undergraduate degree in a pre-med or other science-related field. Next, they must appear for a Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) during their final year of college. After clearing the examination, they must complete four years in medical school.
Lastly, surgeons must undergo residency training after deciding upon an area of specialization. Surgical residencies can last for five years or longer, depending on the subspecialty. They can also undertake a fellowship or an internship in a surgical department. Once they have completed this training, they can become board-certified to begin practicing in their desired state.
A surgeon makes a diagnosis, plans the surgical intervention, performs the procedure, and conducts follow-up sessions to confirm the procedure's success and prevent side effects. Surgeons can specialize in areas such as colon and rectal, oral, gynecological, thoracic, and cardiopulmonary surgery.
Types of surgery
Surgeons commonly perform two classes of surgeries: open and minimally invasive. Open procedures involve making large incisions in the skin and opening it up. This procedure demands a longer recovery time, an extended hospital stay, more significant pain, more prominent scars, and more risks of complications such as bleeding or infections.
On the other hand, minimally invasive procedures are carried out not to create significant cuts in the skin. Surgeons perform this surgery by putting the patient under general anesthesia. There are two ways to perform minimally invasive surgery. They are:
- Laparoscopic or endoscopic surgery: In this procedure, the surgeon makes multiple minor cuts to gain access to the internal organs that require surgery. The surgeon can see the site and perform surgery using a small camera and tools.
- Robotic surgery: In these surgeries, robots assist surgeons in undertaking the procedure. It is akin to a laparoscopic or endoscopic approach, except that, in this case, a robot controls the camera and tools inserted into the body through small incisions. Robot-assisted surgery is preferable in cases where there is a requirement for surgery in areas of the body that may be hard to access or navigate. These may include gynecological, urological, prostate cancer, head and neck trauma, etc. Due to the onset of newer technology, such surgeries are becoming increasingly popular for gallbladder removal, prostate and colorectal cancer, etc.
How are surgical procedures categorized?
Surgeries are grouped by their urgency, location in the body, purpose, invasiveness, and tools used. The explanation is as given below:
- Purpose: Operations can be to diagnose (exploratory), fix (therapeutic), change looks (cosmetic), or replace body parts (transplant).
- Urgency: Surgeries can be planned (elective), partly planned (semi-elective), or urgent (emergency).
- Location: Surgical procedures are either named after specific body parts like the colon or appendix or systems like the digestive tract (gastrointestinal), reproductive and urinary organs (genitourinary), nervous system (neurologic), bones and joints (orthopedic), and others.
- Instruments: Surgeons can perform procedures using lasers, tiny cameras (laparoscopic), microscope and precision instruments (microsurgery), tiny tools connected with a robotic arm (robotic surgery), or a catheter to open blocked coronary arteries (angioplasty).
What are the different surgical specialties?
After finishing their initial training, surgeons can enroll in a fellowship program for specialized training. They can also pursue a subspecialty within their specialty; for example, a cardiac surgeon can subspecialize in bypass surgery, thoracic surgery, etc. Surgical specialties include:
- General surgery: According to American Board of Surgery guidelines, general surgeons can operate on the skin, soft tissue, breasts, digestive tract, abdomen, and endocrine system. They have a broad knowledge of different surgical procedures. You should see a general surgeon near you if you do not have a life-threatening illness and need help figuring out if you require any surgical intervention.
- Pediatric surgery: Pediatric surgeons treat infants, children, and adolescents. Pediatric surgery has four subspecialties - prenatal, neonatal, trauma surgery, and pediatric oncology.
- Cardiac surgery: Cardiac surgeons focus on conditions of the heart and blood vessels connected to it. They treat issues like abnormal heartbeat, blocked arteries that supply blood to the heart, and valve diseases.
- Colorectal surgery: Colorectal surgeons (or proctologists) specialize in treating conditions affecting the lower part of your gastrointestinal tract. This includes the colon, rectal, and anus, which comprise the large intestine.
- Orthopedic surgery: Orthopedic surgeons treat injuries and medical issues concerning your bones, tendons, ligaments, and joints. They treat adults as well as children. This branch has multiple subspecialties, including hand surgery, spine surgery, joint replacement surgery, and trauma surgery.
- Neurosurgery: Neurosurgeons perform surgical procedures. They treat conditions of the central nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord. They treat vascular disorders, traumatic injuries, movement disorders, and more.
Reasons for seeing a surgeon
Surgeries could be emergency or elective. Emergency surgeries are for fatal injuries and illnesses. Elective surgeries are less urgent, and they can be scheduled beforehand.
You can have surgery for several reasons, like:
- Getting a tissue sample or a biopsy
- Place mechanical or electronic devices inside the body
- Examining the condition to receive a better diagnosis
- Tissue or organ transplant
- Modify physical appearance
How to prepare for surgery?
Specific preparatory steps always depend upon the illness or injury that needs to be treated and should be taken based on the doctor's advice. However, there are certain standard practices that you can adopt if you are supposed to undergo general anesthesia. Some of these are:
- Take a bath or clean your body.
- Shave the site of surgery, if possible.
- Avoid drinking or eating anything from a specific time before the surgery.
- Based on your physician's advice and surgical requirement, take an enema an evening before the scheduled surgery to clear the bowels.
- Refrain from wearing makeup or nail paint on the day of the surgery.
- Do not wear your contact lenses on the day of the surgery.
- Let the medical staff know if you have prosthetics, dentures, etc.
- Wear loose-fitting and comfortable clothes.
- Carry your insurance information and social security card number with you.
- Undergo all pre-surgery procedures such as blood tests, electrocardiograms, etc., as may be advised.
What to expect when you visit a pediatric surgeon?
First, the pediatric surgeon will check if your child is ready and has any unanticipated medical issues. Then, your child will wear a special gown and be administered anesthesia. You might have to leave the room then and sit in the waiting room while the surgery is on.
The doctor might sometimes come out of the operating room to tell you how things are going. But once it's all done, you will know everything.
After surgery, your child might have to stay at the hospital or be discharged immediately. The doctor will advise you on how to help your child improve. Make sure you follow them.
What is the difference between a physician and a surgeon?
Although all surgeons are physicians, not every physician is qualified to perform surgery. Surgeons are doctors who receive specialized training and certification to conduct surgical procedures, which involve operating on internal structures like organs, tissues, and bones to address injuries or medical conditions. A primary care physician (PCP) or general practitioner focuses on general medicine rather than specializing in one specific area and typically does not perform surgery.
Tips to help select a reliable surgeon near you
Here are some tips and things to consider finding the right surgeon who meets your needs, ensuring a safe and positive treatment journey:
- Review the surgeon’s qualifications
Assessing qualifications is the most important factor when searching for a surgeon. Verify they have the proper education, training, and certification for the surgery you need. Seek a board-certified surgeon with completion of an accredited residency program.
Experience is another vital factor when choosing a surgeon. Aim for one with a solid record in the specific procedure you need, including success rates and patient satisfaction scores. Consider their experience level, including how long they've been practicing and the annual volume of surgeries they perform.
Referrals from your general practitioner or primary care physician can help you find reputable surgeons. Any friends or family members who have undergone similar procedures may also offer valuable insights when choosing a surgeon near you.
In today's digital world, finding information about medical providers is easy. Read online reviews, ratings, and patient testimonials to understand others' experiences and satisfaction levels.
- Confirm insurance coverage
If you have insurance through a private plan or employer, check with your provider to confirm your coverage. Your insurance company can outline out-of-pocket expenses and authorize treatment in advance, ensuring a smoother experience.
Finding a top-rated general surgeon near you in New York, NY
Being told that you must undergo surgery for a condition can be nerve-wracking. You want to get the best possible guidance and advice in such a case. Undergoing surgery in itself can be stressful. It leads to being vulnerable in the operation theater, with no option but to trust the surgeon that they would do their best. Thus, it would help if you found a surgeon with whom you can repose faith and be comfortable. This can be challenging, mainly when so many options exist. Worry not; Zocdoc has got you covered.
You can rely on Zocdoc's easy-to-use-and-navigate interface to enter the details of your address or symptoms. After that, Zocdoc will produce a list of specialists and general surgeons in your vicinity. This list will allow you to learn relevant information about them, such as their educational qualifications, experience, areas of expertise, and licensure. You can also become familiar with their ratings, accreditations, awards, languages they speak, insurance plans they accept, whether or not they treat children, etc. After learning about their practice, you can finally select a practitioner you want to see by reviewing previous patients' reviews. Zocdoc constantly verifies them, and they are thus trustworthy.
If you want to learn more about insurance, check out the FAQs on the patient help center page. If you can't see your insurance plan on Zocdoc, you can upload a photo of your medical insurance card. We'll scan it and show you your likely plan. This feature isn't available for vision or dental cards. If you face issues uploading the card image, contact our service team for help.
If you are unable to visit a surgeon in person for a consultation, you can book online appointments. Just look for a purple icon on the profiles of surgeons who allow such video consultations. Further, depending on the surgeon's availability, you can book appointments before, during, and after office hours. If the surgeon's schedule permits, you can also book appointments on weekends and holidays.
Booking appointments with surgeons near you through Zocdoc is quick, secure, and free!
Surgery statistics in New York
As per a U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics study, as of May 2023, there were around 26,370 active surgeons in the United States. Nearly 4,030 surgeons made up the workforce of the state of New York. New York ranked at the top of the list of conditions with the highest number of surgery practitioners. The New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA metropolitan area also had the highest number of surgeons across all such places in the United States, about 4,050.
Another report from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics indicates that the total number of physicians and surgeons in the United States was 816,900 in 2022. The projected growth rate in the physician and surgeon workforce between 2022 and 2032 is 3%, about as quick as the average for all occupations.
Sources
WebMD[1]
WebMD[2]
Verywell Health[1]
Verywell Health[2]
Verywell Health[3]
Cleveland Clinic[1]
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics[1]
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics[2]
Stanford Health Care
Beaumont
Practice Plus Group
Cleveland Clinic[2]
