Obstetrics and gynecology
OB-GYN is an acronym that combines two closely related fields: obstetrics and gynecology. An obstetrician-gynecologist is a healthcare professional specializing in female reproductive health. "OB" stands for obstetrics, referring to the branch of medicine focused on pregnancy and childbirth, while "GYN" stands for gynecology, which deals with women's reproductive health throughout their lives. They perform various diagnostic tests, including Pap smears, STI testing, pelvic exams, ultrasounds, and blood tests.
Women's health is a distinct specialty, leading many women to entrust their primary care to an OB-GYN. Some practitioners believe that healthy women may not need to see a family doctor or internist, relying solely on their OB-GYN for comprehensive care.
Interestingly, many pregnant women in the United States do not have a preferred obstetrician, highlighting a gap in the continuity of care for some.
Education and training of OB-GYNs
OB-GYNs are medical professionals who specialize in all aspects of female reproductive health. It includes prenatal, postpartum, and postnatal care. OB-GYNs are also sufficiently trained to deal with other health issues plaguing the uterus, pelvis, vagina, and breasts. Of course, all of this requires years of extensive education and training. After graduating from medical school, OB-GYNs complete the following:
Subspecialties in OB-GYNs
While most OB-GYNs are generalists, statistics from the American Board of Medical Specialties (ABMS) suggest an increase in the number of OB-GYNs receiving board certification in a subspecialty field in recent years. The ABOG, or American Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology, acknowledges four main subspecialties:
- Gynecologic oncology- Cancers of the female reproductive organs are treated in this specialization. Gynecologic oncologists are experts in the techniques to help patients with gynecologic cancers get the best care possible.
- Maternal-fetal medicine- Experts in maternal-fetal medicine treat high-risk pregnancies. They focus on the mother's and baby's health and may also observe and supervise complex or high-risk deliveries, such as a breech baby delivered vaginally.
- Female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery- Women with pelvic floor ailments are treated medically and surgically by female pelvic therapy and reconstructive surgery practitioners. An overactive bladder, urinary incontinence, and pelvic organ prolapse are all conditions treated by these doctors.
- Reproductive endocrinology and infertility- Reproductive endocrinologists are OB-GYNs who diagnose and treat both men's and women's fertility concerns. Their knowledge also benefits those struggling with reproductive health difficulties like endometriosis.
When to visit an OB-GYN near you?
A gynecologist appointment is advised for annual screening if a woman has concerns about symptoms like pelvic, vulvar, vaginal pain, or irregular uterine bleeding. Pregnancy, fertility, menstruation, and menopause are some conditions that gynecologists regularly treat.
Your initial visit may consist of a conversation between you and your doctor. You can learn what to expect during future visits and obtain advice on how to keep healthy. You may also be required to take specific examinations. Your doctor may ask you and your family a series of questions. Some of them, such as questions regarding your menstrual period or sexual activity, may appear intimate (including vaginal, oral, or anal sex). If you have any confidentiality concerns, discuss them with your doctor before answering any questions. Confidentiality is a critical element of the doctor-patient relationship.
Ideally, you should consult your OB-GYN monthly or yearly, as they recommended. However, don't hesitate to see your OB-GYN in case of discomfort or concern. These cases include:
- If you have apprehensions or questions about the female reproductive system, or if you feel uneasiness (including unusual dryness, itchiness, or uterine bleeding), you must visit your OB-GYN. The concerns may also relate to breasts, uterus, ovaries, vulva, or any other part of your reproductive system, broadly conceived. Urological or gastrointestinal symptoms (such as urine leaking) also call for a consultation with the OB-GYN.
- Concerns about menstruation, pregnancy, fertilization, or contraception control
- Fears about your sexual health that may be related to your libido, pain during sex, or sexual or physical abuse
- Preventive health exams and age-appropriate screenings
How to prepare for an OB-GYN appointment?
Assuming you have already found an OB-GYN you like and trust, here are a few tips for a smooth visit:
- Write down any questions or concerns you have in advance. It helps you remember everything necessary you want to ask during an appointment.
- Be honest about your symptoms and health history. The more information your OB-GYN has, the better they can help you.
- Feel free to ask your OB-GYN questions or share any concerns. It could help them understand your condition better.
- Keep track of your appointments and monitor any recommended screenings or tests. It helps ensure you stay healthy and detect and treat potential problems early on.
What should you expect from an OB-GYN?
Your first visit to an OB-GYN near you can be daunting, but it doesn't have to be. Here is a rundown of what you can expect during your first appointment:
- You will receive information from the office on scheduling an appointment. This will likely include a medical history form and a consent form for treatment. Be sure to fill these out completely and bring them with you to your appointment.
- When you arrive at the office, you will check in with the receptionist and take you to an examination room. The nurse or physician assistant will check your vital signs and discuss your medical history and symptoms.
- Then, the OB-GYN will ask about your medical history and ongoing symptoms. Next, the doctor will perform a detailed physical examination, which may include a pelvic exam. If everything looks normal, the doctor may order routine testing, such as a Pap smear or blood work.
- The doctor will discuss the findings and address your questions and doubts. They will also provide information on birth control options and other relevant health matters.
How can OB-GYNs help with family planning?
OB-GYNs can provide family planning assistance to help you create a family the way you want. They can help you plan the size of your family and achieve your family goals. A qualified OB-GYN near you can help you with the following:
Pregnancy planning
OB-GYNs can regularly guide you on the best practices and lifestyle changes for a successful conception. They suggest when to start taking prenatal vitamins to prevent neural tube defects. They even help you follow a nutrient-rich diet, review your existing medications, and instruct you to stop alcohol intake and smoking to ensure the healthiest pregnancy.
OB-GYNs can diagnose and treat underlying health conditions and improve your chances of natural conception. They also help you with fertility issues and recommend safe assisted pregnancy options. If you wish to start a family, you should visit an OB-GYN to review your reproductive health and check for any underlying issues to prevent complications during pregnancy.
Pregnancy prevention
OB-GYNs can suggest appropriate contraception options to prevent pregnancy. It can help if you don't want more children or want to avoid unwanted pregnancies. Birth control or contraception is a personal choice, but OB-GYNs can help you determine the most suitable contraception method for safe pregnancy prevention. Temporary pregnancy prevention options include:
- Vaginal rings
- Birth control pills
- Intrauterine devices
- Hormonal birth control patches
- Diaphragms
- Birth control shots
If you no longer wish to grow your family size, you can ask the OB-GYN for permanent birth control solutions. They will examine your body and suggest safe methods for permanent pregnancy prevention.
Interpregnancy care
Some women may prefer to keep a few years of gap between two children. OB-GYNs can help such women with appropriate interpregnancy family planning assistance.
Sometimes, the woman is too weak after the first childbirth, and another pregnancy soon after can be risky for the woman and the baby. In such cases, OB-GYNs recommend spacing the pregnancy to allow the woman to fully recover before another pregnancy. This kind of care is called interpregnancy care. It begins during the postnatal stage until the woman is entirely healthy. For instance, in a C-section delivery, the doctor advises the patient to wait at least 18 months before planning another baby.
Interpregnancy care also includes women who have suffered a miscarriage, dilation, curettage, and complications during childbirth. OB-GYNs first conduct detailed physical examinations in these cases to identify safe pregnancy planning timelines. It helps to minimize the risks and achieve better pregnancy outcomes.
What is a pelvic exam, and when should you visit an OB-GYN near you to have one?
A pelvic exam is a physical and visual examination of a woman's reproductive organs performed by a doctor. During the exam, the doctor checks the vagina, cervix, fallopian tubes, vulva, ovaries, and uterus.
There aren't strict guidelines for how often a woman should have a pelvic exam, but it's generally recommended to have one annually. Depending on your health history, your doctor might suggest more frequent exams. Most women have their first pelvic exam at age 21 unless health issues require it sooner, such as when seeking birth control for the first time.
For women over 21, regular pelvic exams are advised, similar to other routine checkups. There are also specific reasons to have a pelvic exam, including:
- Unusual vaginal bleeding or discharge
- A family history of cancer
- Concerns about ovarian cancer, cysts, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), or other gynecological issues
- Birth control considerations
There are several parts to the exam:
- External exam: The doctor will visually inspect the vagina and vulva, checking for any signs of infection, irritation, or abnormal discharge.
- Manual exam: The doctor will insert one or two gloved fingers into the vagina and use the other hand to gently press on your abdomen to feel the size and shape of your uterus and ovaries or to check if any areas are painful or enlarged.
- Speculum exam: A speculum, a small device, is inserted into the vagina to gently open it and allow the doctor to see the cervix and vagina more clearly.
- Pap test: While the speculum is in place, the doctor may take a sample of cells from the cervix using a small wand or brush. They might also collect a sample of fluid from the vagina. The pelvic exam may also include an HPV test to screen for high-risk types of the virus.
- Rectal exam (rectovaginal exam): In some cases, the doctor can perform a rectal exam to check for any abnormalities or tumors behind the uterus.
Finding the right OB-GYN near you in Austin, TX
Some women might feel apprehensive about consulting an OB-GYN for the first time or hesitate to discuss personal and delicate health matters. However, open communication is a prerequisite to getting the treatment and medical care you deserve. More importantly, mild symptoms (such as tissue growth or irregular periods) may signal an underlying disease. In such cases, you must not feel shame or hesitation.
We can help you find a friendly and empathetic doctor you can trust. The objective of Zocdoc has always been to improve the healthcare experience, and women's healthcare is no different. This site can help you identify specialists who meet your budget and are competent in delivering the needed specialist care.
On Zocdoc, you can review hundreds of verified user reviews to locate highly skilled professionals in your area. Moreover, our algorithms will help you find a provider that accepts your benefits. After all, staying with in-network providers can spare you out-of-pocket expenses. Add your insurance provider's name to the search query. You can add your medical, dental, and vision insurance plans to your Zocdoc account.
However, when searching for and booking an appointment, you can only use one insurance plan at a time. If you have more than one insurance plan, you can include your secondary insurance information in the provider's notes during the final step of booking.
If your provider uses Zocdoc's intake forms, you’ll be able to add your secondary insurance when filling out the forms online. If you have more insurance-related queries, you can check Zocdoc’s patient help center.
The more OB-GYN experience with a particular condition or procedure, the better the outcomes. Inquire about your practitioner's previous experience treating patients with your specific problem, and feel free to disclose any nervousness or concerns you may have. The best OB-GYN near you will put you at ease and make your visit pleasant.
OB-GYN statistics in Texas, U.S.
According to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), between 13 and 15 is the right time for the first consultation with an OB-GYN. Breast exams are usually suggested for women over 40, though earlier exams may be required if a family history of breast cancer exists. It has been claimed that nearly 67% of 40-year-old women in the United States had a mammogram – a figure that isn't changing. However, over 30% of individuals are not taking tests when they should be.
Studies confirm that the death rate from breast cancer has decreased by around 34% since 1990, indicating that receiving a breast exam once a year is critical for early diagnosis of breast cancer. Researchers canvassed women about their medical appointments and discovered that nearly half of those aged 18 to 40 consulted an OB-GYN about once a year. Furthermore, even chronically ill women saw an OB-GYN first.
As per the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, there were nearly 910 OB-GYNs in Texas as of May 2023, which was fifth highest in the country.
In the forecast of 2020, based on current national norms for OB-GYN-related services, a slight increase in women's healthcare demands is expected in Texas, necessitating a larger provider workforce. Demand could grow faster in states with the fastest-growing populations (Texas, Florida) or where supply is insufficient (western United States), especially among Hispanic women. In 2020, this rise in demand led to the hiring of 2,090 full-time OB-GYNs, either as physicians or non-physician clinicians.
Sources
WebMD[1]
SGU
MayoClinic Health System
Healthline[1]
Dall et al. 2013: Estimated Demand for Women's Health Services by 2020
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Gynecology and Obstetrics Medical Group
WebMD[2]
WebMD[3]
Healthline[2]
Cleveland Clinic
