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What do you mean by OB-GYN?

The female body goes through various biological processes, such as menstruation, childbirth, and menopause. OB-GYNs treat all such issues, and the term "OB-GYN" can either refer to an obstetrician-gynecologist doctor or the medical areas that the doctor specializes in within the field of obstetrics and gynecology.

An obstetrician-gynecologist or OB-GYN is a medically trained expert in women's reproductive health, pregnancy, and childbirth. Some OB-GYNs provide a diverse range of basic medical treatments, just like your primary care physician. Others, however, focus solely on treatments particular to the female reproductive system. Furthermore, OB-GYNs also offer routine medical care and preventive screenings.

At least 12 years of education and training are required to become a qualified OB-GYN. OB-GYNs generally need a bachelor's degree, a diploma from a medical school, and completed internships and residency programs to earn a medical license. Some OB-GYN professionals also pursue fellowship training after completing their residency. The American Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology certifies every OB-GYN (ABOG) in the U.S. and Canada.

What conditions does an OB-GYN treat?

The female reproductive system is as complex as it is extraordinary. OB-GYNs diagnose and manage a wide range of conditions pertaining to this. Depending on the patient's age, health, and reproductive objectives, they may play a different role.

You can consult an OB-GYN near you for the following:

• Abnormal bleeding
• Pelvic pain
• Genital itching
• Urinary incontinence
• Urinary tract or vaginal infections
• Endometriosis
• Breast disorders
• Hormonal disorders
• Infertility

What are the specialty areas of OB-GYN?

OB-GYN is a vast field. Most OB-GYNs—about 90%—are generalists. In other words, they provide a variety of OB-GYN services. Some may opt to specialize in one or more distinct areas, including the following:

• Maternal-fetal medicine: It focuses on high-risk pregnancies and associated medical issues like chronic or gestational high blood pressure, gestational diabetes, blood clotting disorders, and premature labor.
• Reproductive endocrinology and infertility addresses infertility concerns, the endocrine system's glands, and hormones. OB-GYNs perform assisted reproductive techniques, like in-vitro fertilization, intrafallopian gamete transfer, zygote intrafallopian transfer, and embryo transfer, for the same.
• Gynecologic oncology: The area of expertise here is female reproductive system cancers. These include cancers of the uterus, cervix, ovaries, and vulva.
• Female pelvic medicine and reproductive surgery: These surgeons specialize in treating female patients experiencing urinary tract conditions. They also concentrate on pelvic floor issues (urinary or fecal incontinence), overactive bladder and bladder pain, vaginal or urinary tract infections, and pelvic organ prolapse.

OB-GYN appointment tips

Generally, a trip to the OB-GYN involves taking a pelvic exam and talking to your doctor about your sexual habits and body processes. So, it is always good practice to get an idea about what to expect so that you are well-prepared. Here are some helpful tips to guide you before you see an OB/GYN near you:

• Be the early bird: Some extra time before the appointment will allow you to settle into the new environment and relax before you go in.
• Learn to identify the many parts of your body: Use words like "vulva," "clitoris," "vagina," and "labia" instead of pointing at your body parts or using slang.
• Make notes: Writing down any questions you have in advance helps you remember better and ensures you do not steer away from the issue(s). This way, you have a complete record of the conversation to view later.
• Be open: Discuss your symptoms and worries as honestly as possible. Remember that your OB-GYN will be more responsive if you speak up and provide as much information as possible.
• Be sincere: OB-GYNs are trained to listen to you without passing judgment. For fear of being criticized, do not downplay symptoms or omit details.
• Take charge: Don't grit your teeth and endure pain during a pelvic exam or any other procedure that makes you uncomfortable. Inform your doctor about it and ask them to stop if needed. Request them to use a speculum of a different size or let you have a few seconds to compose yourself.

What procedures can OB-GYNs perform?

Besides diagnosing reproductive issues and performing initial screening tests, OB-GYNs undergo training in minor and complex surgical procedures. Depending on their subspecialty areas, OB-GYNs can perform both outpatient and inpatient procedures. Your OB-GYN may perform the following standard surgical and diagnostic procedures: 

• Contraceptive implant: Also called LARC (short for long-acting reversible contraception), contraceptive implants are a form of long-term birth control. The progestin hormone is gradually released by the matchstick-sized implant, which is positioned beneath the skin of the upper arm in women. This hormone thickens the mucus in the cervix and stops ovulation, preventing pregnancy. Progestin also thins out the lining of the uterus. These processes prevent sperm from reaching the egg or make it harder for the fertilized egg to attach to the uterus. This method of contraception is reversible and allows for a quick return to fertility if desired. 
• Colposcopy: This diagnostic procedure examines the vulva, vagina, and cervix. It is generally recommended by doctors when a pap smear test result is abnormal. A colposcopy is performed to diagnose genital warts, inflammation of the cervix, or precancerous changes to the vagina, vulva, and cervix. 
• Abdominal hysterectomy: A complete hysterectomy involves the removal of the cervix and the uterus, whereas a partial hysterectomy involves only the removal of the uterus. Hysterectomies are done due to cancerous growths, fibroids, endometriosis, uterine prolapse, or abnormal vaginal bleeding. 
• In-vitro fertilization (IVF): IVF is a series of treatments used to aid the conception of a baby or fertility. IVF is performed in a lab and generally involves retrieving eggs from the ovaries in a female and fertilizing them with sperm (taken from a male). When fertilized, the embryo is placed into a woman's uterus. IVF can also help to reduce the risk of a genetic disorder from being passed down from the parent to the child. Other reasons for performing IVF include unexplained infertility, ovulation disorders, fallopian tube blockage, and endometriosis.
• Dilation and Curettage: This is a standard gynecologic procedure wherein tissue is removed from the uterus to identify uterine problems such as heavy bleeding. In this procedure, your OB-GYN will dilate the cervix (lower part of the uterus) and use a suction device or curette (an instrument used to scrape tissue) to remove the tissue. The tissue is then sent to a laboratory and tested for uterine cancer and polyps.

What is Asherman's syndrome?

Asherman's syndrome is a rare condition in which scar tissue, also known as intrauterine adhesions, forms inside the uterus, reducing the space within. This condition can lead to pelvic pain, abnormal uterine bleeding, and fertility issues.

Asherman's syndrome is not a genetic condition; it is acquired. There are several ways to acquire Asherman's syndrome, including through surgery, infections, and cancer treatments. 

Your risk of developing Asherman's syndrome may increase if you have:

• Undergone surgery on your uterus in the past, such as operative hysteroscopy, complicated dilation, curettage (D&C), or cesarean section (c-section).
• A history of pelvic infections.
• Received treatment for cancer.

If you have Asherman's syndrome, you may experience various symptoms, such as:

• Very light periods (hypomenorrhea).
• Absence of periods (amenorrhea) or abnormal uterine bleeding.
• Difficulty getting or staying pregnant.
• Severe cramping or pelvic pain.

In some cases, one may not experience any symptoms of Asherman's syndrome and still have normal periods.

There are various treatment options for Asherman's syndrome. When discussing this condition with your healthcare provider, it's important to talk about how it affects you, including any pain you feel and your fertility goals. In some cases with no symptoms, no treatment may be an option. However, if you plan to have children in the future, there are treatments available to remove the scar tissue. Treatment can also provide relief if you experience cramps or pelvic pain.

The goal of treatment is to remove the scar tissue and restore the uterus to its original shape and size.

How to maintain a healthy reproductive system

Caring for your reproductive health doesn’t have to be overwhelming. By following essential steps, you can support your overall well-being and reduce the risk of infertility. Unfortunately, poor lifestyle choices have contributed to rising reproductive health concerns. Engaging in unprotected sex, for instance, increases the likelihood of contracting sexually transmitted infections, which can lead to fertility issues.

• Seek prompt treatment for STIs - Each year, approximately 19 million people in the U.S. are diagnosed with sexually transmitted infections. Educating yourself about STIs, preventive measures, and available treatments is crucial for reproductive wellness. If you suspect exposure to an STI, get tested immediately and encourage your partner to do the same. Some STIs do not present noticeable symptoms, but when they do, signs may include abnormal discharge, unpleasant odors, burning sensations, itching, or discomfort. Routine screenings can help detect infections early and prevent complications.
• Use contraceptives for family planning - Contraception plays a vital role in preventing unintended pregnancies and promoting maternal and fetal health. Planning your pregnancy allows you to focus on your health before conception. Long-term options like intrauterine devices (IUDs) are highly effective, and barrier methods such as condoms provide additional protection against STIs.
• Maintain a healthy weight - Being underweight or overweight may cause fertility challenges. Excess body fat in men can lower sperm count, while weight fluctuations in women can affect ovulation and increase the risk of miscarriage. Achieving and maintaining a healthy weight supports reproductive function and overall well-being.
• Consider nutritional supplements - Eliminating harmful habits like smoking cigarettes and excessive alcohol intake is essential for those trying to conceive. Additionally, doctor-approved supplements can support reproductive health. Women may benefit from prenatal DHA, Omega-3 fatty acids, and folic acid (800mg daily). Men can improve fertility with Coenzyme Q10 and multivitamins.
• Follow a nutritious diet - Nutrition plays a crucial role in reproductive health. A healthy diet can enhance fertility. Include fiber-rich foods, whole grains, and Omega-3 sources such as salmon, chia seeds, flaxseeds, and nuts. Avoid processed foods high in sugar, refined flour, and unhealthy fats, as they contribute to weight gain and may negatively impact fertility. Instead, prioritize fresh fruits, vegetables, lean proteins like tofu and chicken, and dairy options like fat-free yogurt. Reducing caffeine intake is also recommended for better reproductive health.

Adopting a healthier lifestyle can enhance your reproductive well-being and reduce the risk of complications.

How can you find a trusted OB-GYN in Summit, New Jersey?

The reproductive system is the most sensitive aspect of the female body. Women may feel awkward, uneasy, and apprehensive when discussing these intimate and private details. Thus, carefully considering your OB-GYN options and choosing the one you are most comfortable with is even more critical.

Finding an OB/GYN near you who meets your requirements, is highly competent, and is reliable could seem like a task. But not with Zocdoc. So, instead of selecting just any doctor from your health insurance list or asking friends and family or your primary care physician for a recommendation, go on the Zocdoc website.

You can locate an OB-GYN using Zocdoc from the comfort of your couch. To get started, register on the Zocdoc website. Then, type "OB-GYN" in the search bar or search by symptoms or the cause behind your need for medical attention. Further, you can choose the location and availability of the desired OB-GYN or even a specific appointment date and time. All these Zocdoc features will help you find an OB-GYN in Summit, New Jersey, in a few minutes. To search by gender or see if they accept your health insurance plan, you can further filter out the results. You can add medical, dental, and vision insurance plans to your Zocdoc account. 

However, you can only search for and book an appointment using one insurance plan at a time. If you have multiple insurance plans, you can indicate your secondary carrier and plan for the provider in your notes during the last step of the booking process. If your provider uses Zocdoc's Intake forms, you can add secondary insurance when you fill out your forms online.

You can check out Zocdoc's insurance page for more insurance-related information.

Zocdoc maintains a detailed profile for each healthcare professional. Here, you can access information about their education, training, credentials, hospital affiliations, areas of specialty, languages spoken, etc. Additionally, you can read verified ratings and reviews left by previous patients. Aside from in-person appointments, Zocdoc also lets you book a virtual consultation with an OB/GYN near you. You can streamline your healthcare experience today by using Zocdoc's patient help center page to resolve more insurance-related queries you have. Doctors available for video consultations have purple video icons on their profiles.

And the best part is that booking an appointment on Zocdoc is secure, simple, and 100% free.

Statistics related to women's reproductive health in New Jersey, USA

According to data shared by the Guttmacher Institute from a 2017-2024 study, 10.8% of women in New Jersey between the ages of 15 and 49 were uninsured in 2019. In 2023, 69% of women who could become pregnant were using contraceptives in the state. The rate of abortions per 1,000 women aged 15–44 was 29.2 in 2020.

As per statistics from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) regarding pelvic inflammatory disease for 2017–2019, only 3.7% of women aged 15–49 have received treatment for the condition in the U.S.

Another report by the same organization suggested that between 2015 and 2019, 12.2% of women aged 15–49 had ever used infertility services. Impaired infertility among women aged 15–49, by parity, is around 13.8%, while it is 26% for married women. Furthermore, the infertility rate among married women aged 15–49 is approximately 19.4% (by parity).

Further, the CDC confirmed 613,383 legally induced abortions from 48 reporting locations in 2022. As per the data, every year from the year 2013 to 2022, the abortion rate was 11.2 per 1,000 women aged 15–44, with a ratio of 199 abortions per 1,000 births. In 2022, women in their twenties accounted for the majority of abortions (56.5%). During the same year, 92.8% of abortions occurred before 13 weeks, 6.1% occurred between 14 and 20 weeks, and just 1.1% occurred after 21 weeks.

Sources

Healthline

WebMD

Verywell Health[1]

Guttmacher

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention[1]

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention[2]

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention[3]

Mayo Clinic[1]

Mayo Clinic[2]

Mayo Clinic[3]

Mayo Clinic[4]

Mayo Clinic[5]

Mayo Clinic[6]

Verywell Health[2]

Cleveland Clinic

Ideal Women’s Health Care

The content herein is provided for general informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Medical information changes constantly, and therefore the content on this website should not be assumed to be current, complete or exhaustive. Always seek the advice of your doctor before starting or changing treatment. If you think you may have a medical emergency, please call your doctor or 9-1-1 immediately.